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________________ AgamoM ke adhikAra aura gaNipiTaka kI zAzvatatA * AcAryapravara zrI AtmArAma jI mahArAja acAryapravara AtmArAma jI mahArAja zramaNa saMgha ke prathama AcArya the| unhoMne kaI AgamoM kA hindI meM vidvattApUrNa vivecana kiyA hai| prastuta pAThya sAmagrI unake dvArA nandrIsUtra para likhI bhUmikA se saMgRhIta hai| isameM tIna viSaya haiM- (1 ) AgamoM ke zrutaskandha, adhyayana Adi kA abhiprAya (2) dvAdazAM gaNipiTaka meM parivartanazIlatA aura (3) zrutajJAna kA mahattva / - sampAdaka AgamoM ke adhyayana Adi adhikAra AgamoM kA prastutIkaraNa kahIM zrutaskandha ke rUpa meM, kahIM varga ke rUpa meM to kahIM dazA ke rUpa meM hotA hai| isI prakAra zataka, sthAna, samavAya, prAbhRta Adi zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| yahA~ para usI kI carcA kI jA rahI ----- zrutaskandha-adhyayanoM ke samUha ko skandha kahate haiN| vaidika paramparA meM zrImadbhAgavata purANa ke antargata skandhoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka skandha meM aneka adhyAya haiN| jainAgamoM meM bhI skandha kA prayoga huA hai / kevala skandha kA hI nahIM, apitu zrutaskandha kA ullekha milatA hai| kisI bhI Agama meM do zrutaskandhoM se adhika skandhoM kA prayoga nahIM miltaa| AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, jJAtAdharmakathA, praznavyAkaraNa aura vipAka sUtra inameM pratyeka sUtra ke do bhAga kie haiM, jinheM jaina paribhASA meM zrutaskandha kahate haiN| pahalA zrutaskandha aura dUsarA zrutaskandha, isa prakAra vibhAga karane ke do uddezya ho sakate haiM, AcArAMga meM saMyama kI Antarika vizuddhi aura bAhya vizuddhi kI dRSTi se aura sUtrakRtAMga meM padya aura gadya kI dRSTi se / jJAtAdharmakathA meM ArAdhaka aura virAdhaka kI dRSTi se tathA praznavyAkaraNa meM Azrava aura saMvara kI dRSTi se evaM vipAka sUtra meM azubhavipAka aura zubhavipAka kI dRSTi se viSaya ko do zrutaskandhoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka zrutaskandha meM aneka adhyayana haiM aura kisI-kisI adhyayana meM aneka uddezaka bhI haiN| varga- varga bhI adhyayanoM ke samUha ko hI kahate haiM, antakRtasUtra meM ATha varga haiN| anuttaraupapAtika meM tIna varga aura jJAtAdharmakathA ke dUsare zrutaskandha meM 'dasa varga haiN| dazA- daza adhyayanoM ke samUha ko dazA kahate haiN| jinake jIvana kI dazA pragati kI ora baDhI, use bhI dazA kahate haiM, jaise ki upAsakadazA, anuttaraupapAtikadazA, antakRddazA, ina tIna dazAoM meM itihAsa hai| jisa dazA meM itihAsa kI pracuratA nahIM, apitu AcAra kI pracuratA hai, vaha dazAzrutaskandha hai, isa sUtra meM dazA kA prayoga anta meM na karake Adi meM kiyA gayA hai|
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________________ jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka zataka bhagavatI sUtra meM adhyayana ke sthAna para zataka kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| anya kisI Agama meM zataka kA prayoga nahIM kiyaa| sthAna - sthAnAMga sUtra meM adhyayana ke sthAna para sthAna zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isake pahale sthAna meM eka-eka viSaya kA, dUsare meM do-do kA yAvat dasaveM meM dasa-dasa viSayoM kA kramaza: varNana kiyA gayA hai| 66 samavAya- samavAyAMga sUtra meM adhyayana ke sthAna para samavAya kA prayoga huA hai, isameM sthAnAMga kI taraha saMkSipta zailI hai, kintu vizeSatA isameM yaha hai ki eka se lekara karor3a taka jitane viSaya haiM, unakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga ko yadi AgamoM kI viSayasUci kahA jAe to anucita na hogaa| prAbhRta- dRSTivAda, candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti inameM prAbhRta kA prayoga adhyayana ke sthAna meM kiyA hai aura uddezaka ke sthAna para prAbhRtaprAbhRta / pada - prajJApanA sUtra meM adhyayana ke sthAna meM sUtrakAra ne pada kA prayoga kiyA hai, isake 36 pada haiN| isameM adhikatara dravyAnuyoga kA varNana hai| pratipatti- jIvAbhigamasUtra meM adhyayana ke sthAna para pratipatti kA prayoga kiyA huA hai| isakA artha hotA hai- jinake dvArA padArtho ke svarUpa ko jAnA jAe, unheM pratipatti kahate hai- pratipadyante yathArthamavagamyante'rthA Abhiriti pratipattayaH / vakSaskAra- jambUdvIpaprajJapti sUtra meM adhyayana ke sthAna para vakSaskAra kA prayoga huA hai| isakA mukhya viSaya bhUgola aura khagola kA hai| bhagavAna RSabhadeva aura bharata cakravartI kA itihAsa bhI varNita hai| uddezaka - adhyayana zataka, pada aura sthAna inake upabhAga ko uddezaka kahate haiN| AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI, sthAnAMga, vyavahArasUtra, bRhatkalpa, nizItha, dazavaikAlika, prajJApanA sUtra aura jIvAbhigama ina sUtroM meM uddezakoM kA varNana milatA hai| adhyayana - jainAgamoM meM adhyAya nahIM, apitu adhyayana kA prayoga huA hai aura usa adhyayana kA nAma nirdeza bhI / adhyayana ke nAma se hI jJAna ho jAtA hai ki isa adhyayana meM amuka viSaya kA varNana hai| yaha vizeSatA jainAgama ke atirikta anya kisI zAstra grantha meM nahIM pAI jaatii| AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, jJAtAdharmakathAMga, upAsakadazAMga, antakRddazAMga, anuttaraupapAtika, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAka, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, Avazyaka aura niriyAvalikA Adi 5 sUtroM tathA nandI- inameM AgamakAroM ne adhyayana kA prayoga kiyA hai| dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka kyA sadaiva eka jaise rahate haiM? dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsana meM niyamena pAyA jAtA hai to kyA unameM viSaya varNana eka sadaza hI hotA hai? yA vibhinna paddhatiyoM
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________________ RATre | AgamoM ke adhikAra aura gaNipiTaka kI zAzvatatA se hotA hai? isa prakAra aneka prazna utpanna hote haiN| ina praznoM ke uttara nimna prakAra se die jAte haiN| dravyAnuyoga, caraNakaraNAnuyoga aura gaNitAnuyoga inakA varNana to prAyaH tulya hI hotA hai, yugAnukUla varNana zailI badalatI rahatI hai, kintu dharmakathAnuyoga prAyaH badalatA rahatA hai |updesh, zikSA, itihAsa, dRSTAnta, udAharaNa aura upamAeM ityAdi viSaya badalate rahate haiN| inameM samAnatA nahIM pAI jaatii| jaise ki kAkanda nagarI ke dhannA anagAra ne 11 aMga sUtroM kA adhyayana nau mahInoM meM hI kara liyA thA, aisA anuttaraupapAtika sUtra meM ullikhita hai| atimukta kumAra (evaMtAkumAra) jI ne bhI gyAraha aMga sUtroM kA adhyayana kiyA. jinakA vistata varNana antagaDa satra ke chaThe varga meM hai, skandhaka saMnyAsI jo ki mahAvIra svAmI ke suziSya bane, unhoMne bhI ekAdazAMga gaNipiTaka kA adhyayana kiyA, aisA bhagavatI sUtra meM spaSTollekha milatA hai| isI prakAra meghakumAra munivara ne bhI gyAraha aMgasUtroM kA zrutajJAna prApta kiyA hai, aisA jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra meM varNita hai| ityAdi aneka uddharaNoM se prazna utpanna hotA hai ki kyA unhoMne una AgamoM meM apane hI itihAsa kA adhyayana kiyA hai? isakA uttara ikarAra meM nahIM, inkAra meM hI mila sakatA hai| ina pramANoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki jo sUtra vartamAna kAla meM upalabdha haiM, ve unake adhyetA nahIM the, unhoMne sudharmAsvAmI ke atirikta anya kisI gaNadhara kI vAcanA ke anusAra gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| dRSTivAda meM AjIvaka aura trairAzika mata kA varNana milatA hai, to kyA bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke yuga meM bhI ina matoM kA varNana dRSTivAda meM thA? gaNDikAnuyoga meM eka bhadrabAhugaNDikA hai to kyA RSabhadeva bhagavAna ke yuga meM bhI bhadrabAhugaNDikA thI? inake uttara meM kahanA hogA ki ina sthAnoM kI pUrti tatsaMbaMdhI anya viSayoM se ho sakatI hai| niskarSa yaha nikalA ki itihAsa-dRSTAnta-zikSA-upadeza tattva-nirUpaNa kI zailI sabake yuga meM eka samAna nahIM rhtii| hAM, dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka ke nAma sadA avasthita evaM zAzvata haiM, ve nahIM badalate haiN| jisa aMga sUtra kA jaisA nAma hai,usameM tadanukUla viSaya sadA kAla se pAyA jAtA hai| viSaya kI viparItatA kisI bhI zAstra meM nahIM hotii| aisA kabhI nahIM hotA ki AcArAMga meM upAsakoM kA varNana pAyA jAe aura upAsakadazA meM AcArAMga kA viSaya varNita ho| jisa Agama kA jo nAma hai, tadanusAra viSaya kA varNana sadA sarvadA usameM pAyA jAtA hai| dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka prAmANika Agama haiM, inameM saMzodhana, parivardhana tathA parivartana karane kA adhikAra dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ko dekhate hue zrutakevalI ko hai, anya kisI ko nhiiN| aura to kyA, akSara, mAtrA, anusvAra Adi ko bhI nyUna adhika karane kA adhikAra nahIM hai| jaM vAiddhaM vaccAmeliyaM hINakkharaM. accakkharaM. payahINaM. ghosahINa, ityAdi zrutajJAna
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________________ 68 jinavANI- jainAgama sAhitya vizeSAGka ke aticAra haiN| aticAra ke rUpa meM ye tabhI taka hai, jaba taka ki bhUla evaM abodha avasthA meM aisA ho jaae| yadi jAnabUjha kara anadhikAra ceSTA kI jAe to aticAra nahIM, apitu anAcAra kA bhAgI banatA hai| anAcAra mithyAtva evaM ananta saMsAra kA poSaka hai| veda, bAIbala, kurAna meM jaise kisI maMtra, pATha Ayata Adi kA koI bhI usakA anuyAyI hera-phera nahIM karatA, itanA hI nahIM pratyeka akSara va pada kA ve sammAna karate haiN| isI prakAra hameM bhI Agama ke pratyeka pada kA sammAna karanA caahie| aise hI artha ke viSaya meM samajhanA caahie| Agama- anukUla cAhe jitanA bhI artha nikala sake adhika se adhika nikAlane kA prayAsa karanA cAhie isameM koI doSa nahIM, balki pravacana prabhAvanA hI hai| jo siddhAnta Adi apanI samajha meM na Ae vaha galata hai, asaMbhava hai, AgamAnuyAyI ko aisA na kabhI kahanA cAhie aura na likhanA cAhie, ataH jJAniyoM ke jJAna ko apanI tuccha buddhi rUpa tarAjU se nahIM tolanA caahie| tameva saccaM, nIsaMkaM jaM jiNehiM paveiyaM jo arihanta bhagavantoM ne kahA hai, vaha ni:sandeha satya hai, isa maMtra se samyaktva tathA zruta kI rakSA karanI caahie| zrutajJAna kA mahattva parokSa pramANa meM zrutajJAna aura pratyakSa pramANa meM kevalajJAna donoM hI mahAn haiN| jisa taraha zrutajJAnI sampUrNadravya aura unakI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai vaise hI kevalajJAna bhI sampUrNa dravya aura paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai / antara donoM meM kevala itanA hI hai ki zrutajJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hotA hai, isalie usakI pravRtti amUrta padArthoM meM unakI artha paryAya tathA sUkSma arthoM meM spaSTatayA nahIM hotI / kevalajJAna nirAvaraNa hone ke kAraNa sakala padArthoM ko vizadarUpeNa viSaya karatA hai / avadhijJAna aura manaH paryavajJAna ye donoM pratyakSa hote hue bhI zrutajJAna kI samAnatA nahIM kara skte| pAMca jJAna kI apekSA, zrutajJAna, kalyANa kI dRSTi se aura paropakAra kI dRSTi se sarvocca sthAna rakhatA hai, zrutajJAna hI mukharita hai, zeSa cAra jJAna mUka haiN| vyAkhyA zrutajJAna kI hI kI jA sakatI hai| zeSa cAra jJAna, anubhavagamya haiM, vyAkhyAtmaka nahIM / AtmA ko pUrNatA kI ora le jAne vAlA zrutajJAna hI hai| mArgapradarzaka yadi koI jJAna hai to vaha zrutajJAna hI hai saMyama-tapa kI ArAdhanA meM, parISaha upasargoM ko sahana karane meM sahayogI sAdhana zrutajJAna hai / upadeza, zikSA, svAdhyAya, par3hanA-par3hAnA, mUla, TIkA, vyAkhyAna ye saba zrutajJAna hai| anuyogadvArasUtra meM zrutajJAna ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| zrutajJAna kA koI pArAvAra nahIM, ananta hai| 1