Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AdipurANa meM jaina darzana ke tattva purANa kA bhAratIya saMskRti meM sthAna- prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM purANoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna mAnA jAtA hai| ye hamArI saMskRti evaM dharma ke saMrakSaka aura sarvasAdhAraNa janoM ko nIti, caritra, yoga, sadAcAra Adi kI zikSA dene vAle grantha haiM / inakA ekamAtra uddezya dhArmika saMskAroM ko dRr3ha karanA tathA sarala, subodha bhASA meM adhyAtma ke gUr3ha tatvoM ko samajhAnA rahA hai, isalie ye jJAna-vijJAna ke koza kahe jAte haiN| inameM sabhI veda aura upaniSadoM ke jJAna ko vibhinna kathAnakoM ke mAdhyamoM se samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| purANa-sAhitya kA vikAsa Aja se nahIM, apitu prAcIna kAla se hI hotA AyA hai| inakI kathA kahAnI evaM dRSTAMta prAcIna hI haiN| ye sarvasAdhAraNa ke upakAra kI dRSTi se hI likhe gaye haiN| inameM tattvoM kA vivecana lokopakArI kathAnakoM tathA prabhAvazAlI dRSTAntoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| isalie inakA prabhAva Aja bhI spaSTa hai| yadi hama inake viziSTa pahaluoM para vicAra karake dekheM, to inakI zikSA ko kabhI bhI kisI bhI yuga meM asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| Aja jo kucha bhI dhArmikatA hama dekha rahe haiM, vaha saba purANa-sAhitya kA hI yogadAna kahA jA sakatA hai / ataH yaha vizvAsapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki purANa bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sabhyatA ke lokapriya aura anupama ratna haiM / jaina darzana kA bhAratIya darzana meM sthAna- bhAratIya saMskRti kI paramparA atiprAcIna mAnI jAtI hai| manuSya ne apane jIvana kI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne ke lie kisI na kisI dRSTikoNa kA sahArA avazya liyA hogaa| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki saMskRti kI prAcInatA ke sAtha dArzanika prAcInatA avazya dikhalAI detI hai / parantu isakA prArambha kaba huA, isakA nirNaya karanA atyanta kaThina hai / bhAratIya dArzanika vicAradhArA ke Adi srota veda aura upaniSad mAne gaye haiM / uttaravartI kAla meM isameM nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, mImAMsA darzana ke sAtha jaina-bauddha darzana ke siddhAntoM kA bhI samAveza ho gyaa| ye sabhI darzana tathA jaina darzana svatantra rUpa se vikasita hue haiN| inameM se jaina darzana eka bahutatvavAdI darzana hai, jisane vastu ko anantadharmAtmaka batalAkara syAdvAda kI nirdoSa zailI ko pratipAdita kiyA / ahiMsA kI vicAradhArA ko janasAdhAraNa ke jIvana ke vikAsa ke lie upayogI kahA aura karma ke siddhAnta dvArA vyakti ko mahAn batalAyA / jaina darzana ke kSetra meM AdipurANa kA mahatva - AdipurANa kA nAma lete hI siddha ho jAtA hai ki yaha jaina darzana kA anupama ratna hai / sAhityAcArya ne ise jainAgama ke prathamAnuyoga granthoM meM sarvazreSTha grantha kahA hai tathA ise samudra ke samAna gambhIra batalAyA haiM / " jaina sAhitya kA vikAsakrama tatvArthasUtra ke racayitA umAsvAmI se mAnA jAtA hai| inhoMne vikrama kI prathama zatI meM navIna zailI se dArzanika dRSTi ko sAmane rakhakara tatvanirUpaNa kiyA thaa| usI ke AdhAra para pUjyapAda, akalaMka, vidyAnanda Adi mahAn AcAryoM ne sarvArthasiddhi tatvArtharalokavAtika, satyArtharAjavArtika Adi mahAbhASya likhe| jaise-jaise vikAsa hotA gayA, vaise-vaise hI dArzanikoM ne jaina dArzanikatA kA apanI-apanI zailI meM pratipAdana kiyaa| DaoN0 udayacanda jaina AThavIM zatI taka jaina darzana kA pariSkRta rUpa sAmane A gayA thaa| navamI zatI meM jinasena ne bhI pUrvAcAryoM dvArA jina kathAnakoM, tatvoM kA (jisa rUpa meM) varNana kiyA usI kA AdhAra lekara kAla-varNana, kulakaroM kI utpatti vaMzAvalI, sAmrAjya, arahaMta avasthA, nirvANa aura yuga-viccheda kA varNana kiyA hai| AdipurANa ke viSaya meM jinasena ke ziSya guNabhadrAcArya ne purANa tathA apane guru kI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai ki Agama rUpI samudra 1. AdipurANa kI prastAvanA, pR0 50 2. AdipurANa, 2 / 158-162 132 2 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ se utpanna hue isa dharma rUpI mahAratna ko kaustuma maNi se bhI adhika mAnakara apane hRdaya meM dhAraNa kareM, kyoMki isameM subhASita rUpI ratnoM kA saMcaya kiyA gayA hai / yaha purANa rUpI samudra atyanta gambhIra hai, isakA kinArA bahuta dUra hai / isa viSaya meM mujhe kucha bhI bhaya nahIM hai, kyoMki saba jagaha durlabha aura sabase zreSTha guru jinasenAcArya kA mArga mere Age hai, isalie maiM bhI unake mArga kA anugAmI ziSya prazasta mArga kA Alambana kara avazya hI purANa pAra ho jaauuNgaa|' jaina siddhAnta meM Atmatatva kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ne bhI AtmatatvajJAna para vizeSa bala diyA hai| isI tatvajJAna ke pracAra-prasAra kI dRSTi ko rakhakara jinasenAcArya ne bhI purANa kI racanA kI, jisameM una sabhI siddhAntoM kA kathAnakoM ke sAtha samAveza ho gayA, jinheM pUrvAcAryoM ne lipibaddha kiyA thaa| ata: prastuta purANa jainAgamoM aura jaina darzana meM apanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| isalie yaha purANa zreSTha kahA jAtA hai| AdipurANa kA varNya-viSaya-jaina dharma ke Adya pravartaka tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva mAne jAte haiN| inhoMne hI sarvaprathama apanI putrI brAhmI aura sundarI ko kramazaH akSaralipi aura aMkalipi kA jJAna kraayaa| rAjya-vyavasthA ke lie karma ke anusAra samAja kA kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ke rUpa meM vibhAjana kiyaa| vIra prakRti vAloM ko kSatriya, vyApAra aura kRSipradhAna vRtti vAloM ko vaizya aura zilpa, nRtya, saMgIta Adi kalAoM meM nipuNoM ko zUdra varNa kI saMjJA dii| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke dvArA zramaNa dharma svIkAra kara lene ke uparAnta bharata cakravartI ne vrata, jJAna aura cAritra meM nipuNa byaktiyoM ko brAhmaNa kahA ! isa taraha guNa aura karma ke anusAra varNa-vyavasthA kii| RSabhadeva ne asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA, vANijya aura zilpa ina cha: karmoM dvArA prajA ke lie AjIvikA karane kA upadeza diyaa| talavAra Adi zastra dhAraNa kara sevA karanA asikarma hai| likhakara AjIvikA karanA masikarma hai| jamIna ko jotanA, bonA kRSikarma hai| zAstra par3hAkara yA natya-gAyana Adi ke dvArA AjIvikA karanA vidyAkarma hai| vyApAra karanA vANijya hai aura hasta kI kuzalatA se jIvikA karanA zilpakarma hai| usa samaya prajA apane-apane yogya karmoM ko yathA-yogya rUpa se karatI thii| bhagavAn RSabhadeva karmabhUmi vyavasthA ke agradUta hone se AdipuruSa' yA AdinAtha kahalAye / unhoMne rAjya-vyavasthA aura samAjakalyANa kI bhAvanA se dharmatIrtha kA pravartana kiyA / nRtya karane vAlI nIlAMjanA ko naSTa hote dekha unhoMne socA ki isa saMsAra meM sukha kiMcit bhI nahIM hai| manuSya kA yaha zarIra eka gAr3I ke samAna hai jo duHkha rUpI khoTe bartanoM se bharI hai, yaha kucha hI samaya meM naSTa ho jaaegii| ___ AdipurANa meM tIrthakara, AcArya aura muniyoM ke upadezoM kA samyak vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ina upadezoM dvArA vyakti kI AcaraNa sambandhI mahatvapUrNa bAtoM kA jJAna karAyA gayA hai tathA dArzanika tatvajJAna kA vizeSa ullekha kiyA gayA hai| AdipurANa ke dArzanika vicAra : jagat kA astitva sabhI bhAratIya darzana jagat ko satya mAnane haiM / nyAya-vaizeSika jagat ko satya mAnakara dik meM avasthita mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki jagat kI utpatti paramANuoM se huI hai aura Izvara ne hI ina jagat ke paramANuoM kI utpatti kI hai / isalie Izvara kI taraha jagat ke paramANa bhI anAdi aura ananta haiN| sAMkhya-yoga satva, rajas aura tamas---ina tIna guNoM ko prakRti ke pariNAma kahate haiN| ye pariNAma satya rUpa haiN| ataH jagata bhI satya hai| mImAMsA darzana bhI nyAya-vaizeSika kI taraha jagat ko satya mAnatA hai aura isakI utpatti kA mUla-kAraNa paramANu aura karma ke niyama ko batAtA hai / vedAnta ne vyAvahArika dRSTi se jagat ko satya mAnA hai| bauddha-jaina bhI jagat ko satya mAnate haiN| jaina darzana jagat ko jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aurakAla-cha: dravya rUpa mAnatA hai| ye chaH dravya nitya haiM, isalie yaha jagat bhI nitya hai| ise kisI Izvara ne nahIM banAyA, na hI isakA kabhI nAza ho sakatA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika kI isa dRSTi ko avazya dhyAna meM rakhA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne jagat ko paramANuoM se nirmita batalAyA hai| jaina darzana bhI paramANuoM ko mAnatA hai para pudgala paramANuoM kI utpatti Izvara ne kI hai yaha use mAnya nahIM hai| parantu itanA to avazya mAnA jA sakatA hai yaha dRzyamAn jagat kinhIM mUla padArthoM ke saMyoga se avazya banA huA hai| vizva (jagat ) ke samasta padArtha kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya bane rahate haiM, isa dRSTi se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jagat avazya hai| isa jagat meM jIva aura pudgala kI kriyAyeM bhI dekhI jAtI haiM, inakI kriyAoM ke nimitta-kAraNa dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla dravya haiN| jaina darzana ina dravyoM ke samUha ko jagat, loka yA vizva kahatA hai| vizva ke mUla : tattva kI paribhASA-bhAratIya sAhitya meM tatva ke viSaya meM gambhIra rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai kyoMki vizva kA nirmANa kUcha hI tatvoM ke kAraNa hotA hai| darzana sAhitya ke kSetra meM tatva kA prayoga gambhIra cintana-manana ke lie huA hai| cintana-manana kA prArambha hI tatva-vastu svarUpa ke vizleSaNa se hotA hai| kiM tatvam -tatva kyA hai ? yahI mUlabhUta jijJAsA darzana-kSetra kA viSaya hai / tat zabda se 1. uttarapurANa, 43/35-40 2. prAdipurANa, 1/15 jaina darzana mImAMsA
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tattva zabda banA hai| saMskRta bhASA meM tat zabda sarvanAma hai sarvanAma zabda sAmAnya artha ke vAcaka hote haiN| tat zabda se bhAva artha meM tva pratyaya lagakara tattva zabda banA hai jisakA artha hotA hai usakA bhAva-tasya bhAvaH tattvam, ataH vastu ke svarUpa ko aura svarUpabhUta vastu ko tatva kahA jAtA hai| laukika dRSTi se tatva zabda kA artha hai-vAstavika sthiti, yathArthatA, sAravastu, saaraaNsh| dArzanika cintakoM ne paramArtha, dravyasvabhAva, para-apara, dhyeya, zuddha, parama ke lie bhI tatva zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| vedoM meM paramAtmA tathA brahma ke lie evaM sAMkhyamata meM jagat ke mUla kAraNa ke lie tatva zabda AtA hai| __ jIvana meM tatva kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| jIvana aura tatva-ye donoM eka-dUsare se sambandhita haiM / tatva se jIvana pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai aura tatva ke abhAva meM jIvana gatizIla nahIM ho sktaa| jIvana meM se tatva ko pRthak karane kA artha hai-AtmA ke astitva se inkAra krnaa| samasta bhAratIya-darzana tatva ke AdhAra para khar3e hue haiM / pratyeka darzana ne apanI-apanI paramparA aura apanI kalpanA ke anusAra tatva-mImAMsA aura tatva-vicAra ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| bhautikavAdI cArvAka darzana ne bhI tatva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| vaha pRthvI, jala, vAyu aura agni ye cAra tatva mAnatA hai, AkAza ko nahIM, kyoMki AkAza kA jJAna pratyakSa se na hokara anumAna se siddha hotA hai| vaizeSika darzana ne dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya aura abhAva ina mUlabhUta tatvoM (padArthoM) ko svIkAra kiyA hai| nyAya-darzana meM pramANa, prameya, saMzaya, prayojana, dRSTAnta, siddhAnta, avayava, tarka, nirNaya, vAda, jalpa, vitaNDA, hetvAbhAsa, chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAna ---ye solaha padArtha mAne gae haiN| sAMkhya-yoga darzana meM prakRti, mahat, ahaMkAra, pAMca jJAnendriya, pAMca karmendriya, pAMca tanmAtrAyeM, mana, paMcamahAbhUta aura puruSa ye paccIsa tatva mAne haiM / mImAMsA darzana vedavihita karma ko sat aura tatva mAnatA hai| vedAnta darzana ekamAtra brahma ko sat mAnatA hai aura zeSa sabhI ko asat mAnatA hai / bauddha darzana ne duHkha, duHkha-samudaya, duHkha-nirodha aura duHkha-nirodha ke mArga kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| jaina darzana ise hI SaDdravya aura saptatatva ke rUpa meM yA navapadArtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai / dravya, tatva aura padArtha--ye tInoM hI vastusvarUpa kI abhivyakti ke sAdhana haiM / kundakunda ne tatva, artha, padArtha aura tatvArtha-ina zabdoM ko ekArthaka mAnA hai|' sat, satva, tatva, tatvArtha, artha, padArtha aura dravya paryAyavAcI haiN| sat aura dravya ko tatva kahA gayA hai| jo sat hai vaha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa hai / jo tatva hai, vaha sat aura jo sat hai, vaha dravya hai| yatkSaNikaM tatsat-jo kSaNika hai, vahI sat yA satya hai, aisI bauddha kI mAnyatA hai / vedAnta brahma ko sat mAnatA hai, isake alAvA sabhI mithyA hai| parantu yaha dRSTi jaina darzana kI nhiiN| vaha pratyeka dravya ko dravyAthika-paryAyAthika naya kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai / dravya kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA, para paryAya-dRSTi se utpAdavyayarUpa pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| pratyeka vastu ko samajhAne ke lie isI taraha kI dRSTi cAhie / tatva zabda bhAva-sAmAnya kA vAcaka hai| tat yaha sarvanAma hai jo bhAvasamAnya vAcI hai ataH tatva zabda kA artha hai-jo padArtha jisa rUpa meM hai, usakA usI rUpa meM honaa| jIvAdInAM padArthAnAM yAthAtmyaM tatvamiSyate' arthAt jIvAdi padArthoM kA yathArthasvarUpa hI tatva kahalAtA hai / vaha tatva hI samyagjJAna kA aMga arthAt kAraNa hai| tatvoM kI saMkhyA-tatva sAmAnya kI dRSTi se eka hai yaha jIva aura ajIva ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| jIva ke bhI saMsArI aura mukta ye do bheda mAne gaye haiN| saMsArI jIva ke do bheda haiM-bhavya aura abhavya / isa prakAra AcArya jinasena ne tatva ke cAra bheda batAye haiM jo apane Apa meM eka navIna zailI ko darzAte haiM-1. muktajIva, 2. bhavyajIva, 3. abhavyajIva tathA 4. ajIva / mUrtika aura amUrtika ke rUpa meM ajIva ke do bheda ho jAne ke kAraNa prakArAntara se tatva ke nimna bheda' kahe jA sakate haiM1. saMsArI, 2. mukta, 3. mUrtika aura 4. amUrtika / ina tatvoM kA vivecana karate hue AcArya jinasena ne mokSa-mArga meM pravRtta hone vAle muniyoM ke rahana-sahana, AcAra-vicAra evaM unake gamanAgamana ke niyamoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| ina mUla do tatvoM kA hI sAta tatvoM ke rUpa meM vistAra hotA hai-jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa / isakA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki jIva hI ajIva kI kriyAoM kA kartA hai| jar3a kriyAoM se karmoM kA AvAgamana-Asrava-bandha hotA rahatA hai| jisa taraha nAva meM chidra hone se pAnI AtA rahatA aura ekatrita hotA rahatA hai, usI taraha Asrava-baMdha karma bhI Ate aura ekatrita hote rahate haiN| inake haTAne kA koI mArga bhI to honA cAhie ? saMvara dvArA karmoM (nAva ke chidra ko baMda kara dene se pAnI) kA AnA ruka jAtA hai| nirjarA 1.paMcAstikAya, gA0 112-116 2. tatvArtharAjavArtika, 12 3. AdipurANa, 2486 4. AdipurANa, 24/88-208 134 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dvArA (nAva meM Aye hue pAnI kI taraha) karma alaga ho jAte haiN| pratyeka jIva kA lakSya duHkha se nivRtti kI ora jAnA hai| ina karmoM kA abhAva ho jAne para Ananda kA eka hI srota raha jAtA hai jise mokSa (nirvANa) kahate haiN| tatva krama--sarvaprathama jIva ko hI kyoM sthAna diyA ? jIva hI jJAna-darzana hai, karmoM kA bhoktA, zubha-azubha ko bhogane vAlA hai| yadi jIva na ho to pudgala kA upayoga nahIM ho sakatA, jIva kI gati, sthiti evaM avagAha meM pudgala hI sahakArI hai, ataH ajIva Avazyaka huA / jIva-pudgala ke saMyoga se hI saMsAra hai / saMsAra ke kAraNa Asrava-bandha haiN| saMvara aura nirjarA mokSa ke kAraNa haiM / ataH tattvoM kA ukta krama se varNana kiyA hai| yahI krama saMyoga-viyoga aura AdhyAtmika dRSTi se bhI pratiSThita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kuzAgra buddhi vAlA ina jIva-ajIva tatvoM ke AdhAra para apanA gantavya-patha prApta kara letA hai kyoMki vaha samajhatA hai ki jIva hI jJAnacetanAmaya hai aura jJAna Atma-guNa se yukta hai| jo Atma-svarUpa ko jAnatA hai vaha sabakucha jAnatA hai| Atma-svarUpa hI paramAtmarUpa hai dUsarI ora mandabuddhi vAlA jaba taka saMyoga-viyoga arthAt karma ke kAraNoM ko tathA mokSa ke kAraNoM ko nahIM samajha legA, taba taka baha gantavyapatha prApta karane meM samartha nahIM ho sktaa| Asrava-bandha, zubhAzubha, puNya-pApa ke saMyoga rUpa kAraNa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karAne vAle haiM aura saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa viyoga-rUpa-kAraNa AnandasvarUpa mukti-patha kI ora le jAne vAle haiN| isa taraha jIva-ajIva rUpa samAsa zailI aura Asrava, bandha (puNya-pApa), saMvara, nirjarA rUpa vyAsa zailI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isase jijJAsu bhalI-bhAMti ina tatvoM ko samajhakara mukti-patha ko prApta kara sakate haiN| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se bhI jIva-ajIva tatva jJeya haiM / sAdhaka (mukti patha kI khoja karane vAle) ke lie ina donoM tatvoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hai kyoMki ye zeya-svarUpa haiM arthAt jJAna dvArA jAne jAte haiM / Asrava aura baMdha saMsAra ke kAraNa hone se heya (chor3ane yogya), saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa upAdeya (grahaNa karane yogya) tatva haiM / sAta tatvoM meM jIva-ajIva (dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla) dravyoM meM jIva arUpI hai tathA pudgala rUpI hai, kyoMki rUpa, rasa, gandha, varNaye pudgala ke svarUpa haiN| dravya-dRSTi se jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura AkAza--ye pAMca dravya astikAya haiM aura kAladravya astikAya nahIM hai, kyoMki kAladravya pradeza-samUha nahIM hai / AtmA aura brahma ---bhAratIya dArzanika AtmA ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya svIkAra karate haiN| nyAya-vaizeSika AtmA ko nitya mAnatA hai aura ise jJAtA, kartA aura bhoktA svIkAra karatA hai / vaha jJAna ko AtmA kA Agantuka guNa bhI mAnatA hai / jaina darzana jJAna ko AtmA kA sahaja guNa mAnatA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika ke anusAra jaba AtmA kA mana aura zarIra se saMyoga hotA hai, tabhI usameM caitanya kI utpatti hotI hai| mImAMsA darzana kA mata bhI yahI hai / vaha bhI caitanya aura jJAna ko AtmA kA Agantuka guNa mAnatA hai| sukha-duHkha kA atyanta vinAza hone para AtmA apanI svAbhAvika mokSa avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai, isa samaya AtmA caitanyarahita ho jAtA hai| sAMkhya-yoga caitanya ko AtmA kA Agantuka dharma nahIM maantaa| para inakA AtmA (puruSa) akartA hai, vaha sukha-duHkha kI anubhUtiyoM se rahita hai| prakRti apane Apako tadAkAra karane ke kAraNa sukha-duHkha rUpa aura satata kriyAzIla hai, jabaki puruSa zuddha-caitanya aura jJAna svarUpa hai| vedAnta darzana AtmA ko hI satya mAnatA hai, jo sat-cit-AnaMda svarUpa hai / avaidika darzanoM meM cArvAka AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra hI nahIM karatA hai, vaha to kevala caitanya-yukta zarIra ko hI sabakucha mAnatA hai| bauddha anAtmavAdI hai, vaha AtmA ko anitya mAnatA hai| zUnyavAdI vijJAnavAdI kA kahanA hai ki AtmA kSaNika hai, vijJAna-santAnamAtra hai jo kSaNa-kSaNa meM jala ke babUle kI taraha parivartanazIla hai| lekina jaina darzana AtmA ko nitya mAnatA hai| yaha ananta darzana, anantajJAna, anantasukha aura anantavIrya se yukta hai| jaba taka yaha bAhya kriyAoM ke prati lagA rahatA hai taba taka usake ye guNa AcchAdita hI rahate haiM aura jaba karmoM kA AvaraNa haTa jAtA hai taba vahI AtmA ina guNoM se yukta hokara paramAtmarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai| AtmA kI utkRSTa avasthA ko hI jaina darzana meM paramAtmA kahA hai| AdipurANakAra ne AtmA ko jJAnayukta kahA hai| jJAna AtmA kA nija guNa hai, Agantuka guNa nahIM hai| tatvajJa puruSa unhIM tatvoM ko mAnate haiM jo sarvajJa deva ke dvArA kahe hue hoN| AcArya jinasena anya bhAratIya darzanoM ke samAna brahmatatva ko bhI svIkAra karate haiN| para ve ise vedAnta kI taraha sabakucha nahIM maante| arahanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu-ina paMcaparameSThiyoM ko paMcabrahmasvarUpa mAnate haiN| jo yogijana paramatatva paramAtmA kA bAra-bAra dhyAna karate haiM, ve brahmatatva ko jAna lete haiN| isase AtmA meM jo parama Ananda hotA hai, vahI jIva kA sabase bar3A aizvarya hai| AdipurANa ke anusAra AtmA hI brahmatatva rUpa hai, pratyeka AtmA brahmatatva rUpa hai| isa brahmatatva kI zakti kI abhivyakti kA nAma paramAtmA yA paramabrahma hai| yaha paramabrahma hI aizvarya guNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa Izvara kahA jA sakatA hai, para yaha Izvara jagatkartA 1. AdipurANa, 5/68 2. AdipurANa, 5/85 jaina darzana mImAMsA
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ yA hartA nhiiN| mokSa-bhautikatAvAdI cArvAka ko chor3akara sabhI bhAratIya darzana mokSa ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra karate haiN| sabhI dArzanikoM ne duHkha kI AtyaMtika nivRtti ko mokSa kahA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga ke anusAra duHkha ke Atyantika uccheda ho jAne kA nAma mokSa hai| yaha tatva-jJAna se hI hotA hai / mImAMsA darzana bhI duHkha ke Atyantika abhAva ko mokSa mAnatA hai / vedAnta darzana ne jIvAtmA aura brahma ke ekIbhAva ko mokSa kahA hai| vizuddha sat, cit aura Ananda kI avasthA hI brahma hai aura yaha avasthA avidyA rUpa baMdhana ke kAraNa ke samApta hone para hI prApta hotI hai| bauddha ne nirvANa ko mAnA hai-yaha saba prakAra ke ajJAna ke abhAva kI avasthA hai| dhammapada, 202/3 meM nirvANa ko eka Ananda kI avasthA, paramAnanda, pUrNazAMti, lobha, ghRNA tathA bhrama se mukta kahA hai| jaina darzana ne AtmA kI vizuddha avasthA ko mokSa kahA hai / samasta karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne se ananta-sukha rUpa mokSa kI prApti hotI hai aura yaha samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra rUpa sAdhana se prApta hotA hai| isa avasthA meM vaha ananta-caitanyamaya guNa se yukta ho jAtA hai / isa avasthA meM AtmA kA na to abhAva hotA hai, na hI acetana / kisI bhI sat kA vinAza nahIM hotA isalie AtmA kA abhAva nahIM ho sakatA / karma pudgala-paramANuoM ke chUTa jAne para hI mokSa hotA hai| isa avasthA meM AtmA nija-svarUpa meM avasthita rahatA hai| AcArya jinasena ne jIva kI avasthA ke lie svatantratA aura paratantratA -- ina do zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai jo apane Apa meM navInatama haiN| unhoMne batalAyA ki "saMsAra meM yaha jIva kisI prakAra svatantra nahIM hai, kyoMki karma-bandhana ke vaza hone se yaha jIva anya ke Azrita hokara jIvita rahatA hai, isalie vaha paratantra hai| jIvoM kI isa paratantratA kA abhAva honA hI svatantratA hai| arthAt karma-bandhana jIva kI paratantratA ke kAraNa kahe jA sakate haiM aura karma-bandhana rUpa paratantratA (saMsAra) kA abhAva jIva kI svatantratA (mokSa) kA paricAyaka hai| dharma aura darzana kA sambandha-dharma aura darzana kA sambandha bahuta ghaniSTha hai| ye mAnava-jIvana ke anivArya aMga mAne gaye haiN| mAnava kA jo vicArAtmaka dRSTikoNa hai, vaha hai darzana aura jaba vaha ise apane jIvana meM utArane lagatA hai, taba vaha dharma kahalAne lagatA hai| darzana aura dharma eka dUsare ke pUraka sAdhana haiM yA kahe jA sakate haiN| satya kI khoja jIvana kI gaharAI meM hai| darzana mAnava kI vicArAtmaka zakti ko jAgRta karane ke lie hai| yaha mAnava kA apane jIvana ke mUlyAMkana karane kA sAdhana hai| dharma zAMti, sAmaMjasya, duHkha kI nivRtti Adi kAraNoM taka hI mAnava ko le jAtA hai aura darzana jIva, jagata, Izvara Adi vizeSa saiddhAntika kAraNoM ko tarka-vitarka kI kasauTI para kasakara bauddhika jagata meM prayukta karake dikhalA detA hai| jinasena ne isI ke anurUpa apane purANa meM dharma kA kathana kiyA hai.-.-."he rAjan ! dharma se icchAnusAra sampatti milatI hai, icchAnusAra sukha kI prApti hotI hai, manuSya prasanna rahate haiM, rAjya, sampadAyeM, bhoga, yogya kula meM janma, sundaratA, pANDitya, dIrgha Ayu aura Arogya isI ke kAraNa haiN| he vibho! jisa prakAra kAraNa ke binA kabhI kArya kI utpatti nahIM hotI, dIpaka ke binA kisI ne prakAza nahIM dekhA, bIja ke binA aMkura nahIM hotA, megha ke binA vRSTi nahIM hotI aura chatra ke binA chAyA nahIM hotI, usI prakAra dharma ke binA ukta sampadAyeM prApta nahIM ho sktiiN| itanA hI nahIM jisa prakAra viSa khAne se jIvana nahIM hotA, baMjara jamIna se dhAnya utpanna nahIM hotA aura agni se zItalatA nahIM milatI, usI prakAra adharma se sukha kI prApti sambhava nhiiN|" - dharma svarga Adi abhyudaya tathA mokSa puruSArtha kA sAdhana hai| samagra kalyANa kA kAraNa dharma hai| dharmo hi zaraNaM paramaM arthAt dharma hI parama zaraNa hai| isa saMsAra meM vahI puruSa zreSTha hai, vahI kRtArtha hai aura vahI paNDita hai jisane dharma kI vAstavikatA ko pahacAna liyA hai| isa saMsAra meM dharma ke binA svarga kahAM? svarga ke binA sukha kahAM? isalie sukha cAhane vAle puruSoM ko cirakAla taka dharma rUpI kalpavRkSa kI sevA karanI caahie| jinasena ke anusAra--"yato'bhyudayaniHzreyasArthasiddhiH sunizcitA sa dharmaH' arthAt jisase ihaloka aura paraloka kI nizcita rUpa se siddhi hotI hai, vaha dharma kahalAtA hai / isalie prANImAtra ke prati apanA kartavya samajha kara AtmakalyANa aura vizva-zAMti kI daSTi se dharma-pAlana avazya karanA caahie| yaha samAja, deza evaM rASTra ke gaurava kA sAdhana hai aura hamArI saMskRti-sabhyatA kA bhI yahI rakSaka hai| 1. AdipurANa, 515-20 2. AdipurANa, 6/20 3. 'labdhaM tenaiva sajjanma, sa kRtArthaH sa pnndditH|', AdipurANa, 6/130 4. 'Rte dharmAt kuta: svarga: kutaH svargAdRte sukham / tasmAt sukhASinA sevyo dharmakalpataruzciram // '. AdipurANa, 9/188 5. AdipurANa, 5/20 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha