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________________ Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM kA vikAsa aura prAkRta tathA apabhraMza DaoN0 devendra kumAra jaina prAkRta, saMskRta ke samAnAntara eka vyApaka bhASA thI, jo eka ora bhAratIya AryabhASA kI madhyakAlIna avasthA kA pratinidhitva karatI hai aura dUsarI ora usake loka tattvoM ko surakSita rakhatI hai| saMskRta aura prAkRta meM kauna prAcIna hai, yaha eka vivAdabharA prazna hai| jisakA uttara DhUr3hane ke lie pUrva bhAratIya AryabhASA ke vikAsa kI vibhinna bhUmikAoM kA adhyayana karanA hogaa| hamArI kaThinAI yaha hai ki ina bhUmikAoM ke likhita Alekha upalabdha nahIM haiN| prAkRta kI prAcInatA isa tathya se siddha hai ki usameM aura Rgveda kI bhASA meM kucha aise samAna bhASika tattva milate haiM jo saMskRta meM nahIM haiN| prAkRtoM kI carcA ke saMdarbha meM AcArya hemacandra ne 'anAdi prAkRta' kA ullekha kiyA hai, isase unakA abhiprAya usa 'prAkRta' bhASA se hai jo Rgveda kI bhASA aura saMskRta kI pUrvavartI bhASA thI, jise hama Adi bhAratIya AryabhASA kaha sakate haiM ? lekina Aja jo prAkRta sAhitya upalabdha hai vaha saMskRta ke uttarakAla kA hai ? saMskRta aura prAkRta, usI pUrvavartI AryabhASA rUpI sikke ke do pahalU haiN| jaba use nizcita niyamoM meM DhAlA jAtA hai to vaha saMskRta hai aura jaba vaha sahaja vacana vyApAra ke rUpa meM prayoga meM lAI jAtI hai to prAkRta hai| apabhraza, isa sahaja vacana vyApAra kA paravartI bar3hAva hai, jo madhyakAlIna aura Adhunika bhAratIya AryabhASAoM ke vikAsa kI mahattvapUrNa kar3I hai| saMskRta Adhunika bhAratIya AryabhASAoM ke udgama aura vikAsa ke lie 'bhASotrI' kA kArya karatI hai isameM sandeha nahIM, parantu yaha nahIM bhulAyA jAnA cAhie ki vaha loka prayoga ke maidAnI ilAkoM meM praveza kara parivartana kI jisa prakriyA se gujaratI hai, usake tattva prAkRta aura apabhraza meM surakSita haiM ? unake adhyayana ke binA bhAratIya AryabhASA ke bikAsa ko nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| prAkRtoM kI racanA prakriyA kA adhyayana karate samaya yaha dekhanA jyAdA vaijJAnika hai ki unameM kyA samAnatAe~ haiM, tathA jo bhinnatAe~ haiM unake mUlabhUta samAna srota kyA haiM ? isa prakAra parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 302 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana samAnatAoM aura asamAnatAoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana dvArA bhASA vikAsa kI sahI prakriyA kA patA lagAyA jA sakatA hai| kisI bhI vartamAna bhAratIya AryabhASA rUpI gaMgA kA vaijJAnika adhyayana tabhI sambhava hai jaba usakI ulTI caDhAI kI jAe? isase na kevala vikAsa kI sahI prakriyA spaSTa hogI, balki bhASika prayogoM kI ekarUpatA ko hama pramANika AdhAra de skeNge| aneka bhASA-vaijJAnika adhyayanoM ke hote hue bhI yadi bhArata ke bhASika vikAsa kI khoI huI kar3iyoM ko abhI taka nahIM jor3A jA sakA to isakA eka mAtra kAraNa yaha hai ki jahA~ saMskRta aura prAkRta ke vidvAn Adhunika bhASAoM kI racanA prakriyA se paricita nahIM hai, vahIM Adhunika bhASAoM ke vikAsa kA adhyayana karane vAle saMskRta prAkRta kI bhASika pravRttiyoM se paricita nahIM haiM / Age kucha zabdoM kI vyutpattiyA~ dI jA rahI haiM jo hindI aura usakI boliyoM meM hI prayukta nahIM haiM, balki dUsarI-dUsarI prAdezika bhASAoM meM jyoM ke tyoM yA thor3e bahuta parivartana ke sAtha prayukta haiN| kucha zabda madhyakAlIna kAvya bhASAoM, braja, avadhI meM prayukta the, parantu hindI meM unakA prayoga aba nahIM hotaa| 1 juhAra-kucha vyutpatti zAstrI ise dezaja mAnate haiM, kucha ne saMskRta juharANa se isakA vikAsa mAnA hai| juhAra kA mUla saMskRta 'jayakAra' hai| svayaMbhU ke 'paumacariu' meM isakA pUrvavartI rUpa surakSita hai-'sire karayala karevi jokkAriu' sira para karatala kara jayakAra kiyA / jayakAra>ja a kAra>ja u kAra>jokkAra >jokAra> jo A ra>johAra > juhAra / paMjAbI meM 'jukAra' prayukta hai| 2. jauhara-hindI zabda sAgara ne isakI vyutpatti jIvahara se mAnI hai| jauhara madhyayuga meM rAjapUta ramaNiyoM ke sAmUhika AtmadAha kI prathA thii| satI prathA aura jauhara meM aMtara hai| jauhara kI vyutpatti hai-jatugRha / lAkSAgRha ! ja uhara > johara > jauhara 'jatugRha' jvalanazIla rAsAyanika ghara ko kahate haiM jinakA varNana mahAbhArata meM hai / svayaMbhU ke 'riTThaNemicariu' meM isakA varNana isa prakAra hai __ 'saNa-sajja rasa vAsA-dhiya saMgahu lakkhAkaya vaNaTu-pariggahu barisa vAri huyavahu-bhAyaNu" 10 / 18 jauhara karanA-mahAbarA hai, jisakA lAkSaNika artha hai-- jatugRha meM praveza kara sAmUhika AtmadAha kara lenaa| 3. dUlhA-durlabha >dullaha > dUlhA / madhyayuga meM, aura aba bhI 'vara' durlabha mAnA gayA hai| bhArata kI pitRsattAka samAja racanA meM aisA honA svAbhAvika hai| eka apabhraza dohe kA avataraNa hai parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 303 Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM kA vikAsa aura prAkRta tathA apabhraMza 'DhollA sAMvala dhaNa caMpaa vaNNI NAi suvaNNareha kasavaiTTa diNNI' priya zyAma hai, aura ( usakI goda meM baiThI huI ) dhanyA (priyA ) caMpe ke raMga kI hai, mAno kasauTI para dI gaI svarNarekhA ho| 3. dAmAda-isake mUla meM jAmAtA hai, usase do rUpa banate haiM( 1 ) jAmAtA>jAAMI > javAMI [ jamAI ] dUsarI vikAsa prakriyA hai--jamAtA>jAmAdA> dAmAdA>dAmAda / 'ja' kA 'da' se vinimaya pANini ke samaya meM hI hone lagA thaa| jAyA aura pati ke dvandva samAsa meM jaMpati aura daMpati donoM rUpa banate haiN| yaha pravRtti madhyayuga ke kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM surakSita hai jaise kAgaja kA kAgada prayoga / dAmAda phArasI kA zabda nahIM hai| kucha vidvAn 'dAbhan' se dAmAda kA vikAsa mAnate haiM, jo zAbdika khIMcatAna hai| 5. barAta - varayAtrA varaAtta barAtta >barAta / barAta kA 'mahattva' bhAratIya samAja meM hai| use phArasI zabda mAnanA ThIka nhiiN| barAta kA mUla bhAratIya Arya bhASA kA zabda varayAtrA hai| phArasI vArAta se isakA sambandha nhiiN| 6. sahidAnI-yaha zabda aba hiMdI meM prayukta nahIM hai / tulasIdAsa ke mAnasa meM isakA prayoga hai| 'yaha mudrikA mAtu maiM AnI dInhi rAma tumha kaha sahidAno' 5 / 5 / 13 TokAoM aura zabdakozoM meM 'sahidAnI' kA artha nizAnI yA pahacAna milatA hai, jaba ki yaha mudrikA kA vizeSaNa hai| vyutpatti hai -sAbhijAnikA>sAhijAnikA sAhijAniA> sahijAnI>sahidAnI / Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki 'ja' kA vinimaya 'da' se hotA hai / sahijAnI aura sahidAnI donoM rUpa saMbhava haiM, artha hogA--pahicAna vAlI, na ki pahicAna / prAkRta apabhraza stara para abhijJAna ke do rUpa saMbhava haiM ahijANa aura ahiNNANa / 7. janeta--mUla zabda hai yjnyyaatraa| bhAratIya-saMskRti meM vivAha eka yajJa hai, ataH yajJayAtrA > jaNNa AttA>jaNNattajannetta janeta / jaNNa AttA se pUrva asAvarNyabhAva ke niyama se jaNNe Atta > jaNNetta> janeta rUpa bhI saMbhava hai| mAnasa meM ullekha hai 'pahuMcI AI janeta' / svayaMbhU ne isI artha meM 'jaNNatta' kA prayoga kiyA hai| 'pA sa ma' meM yajJayAtrA kA jaNNatta rUpa milatA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne saMskRta jana se janeta kA vikAsa mAnA hai, jo galata hai| parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 304 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana 8. nehara-mUla zabda jJAtigRha se NAi hara> nauhara naihara ke rUpa meM vikasita huA / isI taraha mAtRgRha se maihara kA vikAsa huaa| mAtR gRha > mAi hara - maihara / 9. pAnabIr3A-saMbhavataH ise dezI mAna liyA gayA hai| para yaha parNa + vITaka se vikasita zabda hai parNavITaka > paNNa vIua>pAna biidd'aa| puSpadaMta ne 'paNNa vIua' kA prayoga kiyA hai / eka pitA apanI rUThI huI kanyA ko samajhAtA huA kahatA hai:'putti paSNavIDi daMtaggahiM khaMDahi' he putrI tuma pAna ke bIr3e ko dAMtoM se kaatto| 10. nanasAra-mUla zabda hai jnyaatishaalaa| usase nanihAla aura nanasAra zabda banate haiN| 'nana' donoM meM samAna rUpa se hai jo jJAti se nnAinAni.> nani nana ke rUpa meM vikasita huA / zAlA ke do rUpa saMbhava haiM sAra aura hAla / isa prakAra nanasAra nanihAla rUpa banate haiN| 11. navelA-alabelA-mUla zabda navatara se navaara >navaira>navara > navela>navelA vikasita hai| navelA ke pUrva meM 'a' ke Agama ke kAraNa anabelA banatA hai| phira na kA la se vinimaya ke kAraNa alabelA rUpa banatA hai / yaha usI prakriyA se banatA hai jisase nokhA ( navaka ) se anokhA banatA hai| 12 lAhora-mUla zabda hai zalAtura / pANini isI gA~va ke zalAturIya the, zalAtura halAura >lAhaura >lAhora / halAura se lAiura varNavyatyaya ke kAraNa bnaa| 13. kharoSThI-isakI vyutpatti ke viSaya meM bhayaMkara aTakalabAjI se kAma liyA gayA hai / khara ( gave) ke oThoM se isakA koI saMbaMdha nhiiN| kharoSThI lipi kI zailI 'devanAgarI' kI zailI se ulTI hai| jisameM likhane kI zailI pIche se ho, arthAt jisameM bAeM se dAeM likhA jAe vyutpatti hogI--akSara pRSThikA > akkhara + uSThiA akharoSThiA> kharoSThI / niyamAnusAra honA cAhie khrotttthii|| 14. Dhora isakI vyutpatti zabdakoza meM nahIM hai, ataH ise dezI mAna liyA gayA / vAstava meM isakA mUla zabda hai 'dhavala' jisake do artha haiM ---dhaurA baila aura sapheda rNg| dhavala >dhaala > dhaula>dhola = dhora > Dhora / yaha bahuta vyApaka zabda hai jisake artha kA vistAra ho gyaa| 15. rainabaserA--rajanI vasatigRha - rAta meM Thaharane kA ThikAnA / vyutpatti hairaaNI vasaihara > reNa vasai ara>raina baserA / 16. savAra-bhAratIya AryabhASA mUlaka zabda hai| ise phArasI se vikasita mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / azvArohaka se-asavA rohau>asavAra a u>asavAra u> parisaMvAda-4
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________________ Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM kA vikAsa aura prAkRta tathA apabhraMza 305 savAra / puSpadaMta mahApurANa meM likhate haiM--"chuDU asavAra vAhiya turaMga' zIghra azvArohiyoM ne ghor3e calAe / Age calakara isake artha kA vistAra ho gyaa| savArI karane vAle ko savAra kahA jAne lgaa| 17 lukAThI __"kabirA khar3A bajAra meM lie lukAThI hAtha" lukAThI kA artha zabda kozoM meM jalatI huI lakar3I hai| mUla zabda jvalitakASThikA hai / saMskRta jvala se do vikAsa saMbhava haiM, jala aura vala / jvalita kASThikA>valiakaTThiA> ulakaThiA>lukaTThiA>lukaThi >lukaatthii| kabIra kI taraha gharaphUka tamAzA dikhAne meM jvalitakASThikA bhI pIche nahIM hai| 18 bhauMharA- bhUmigRha kA vikAsa hai| bhUmigRha > bhuiMhara > bhaMuhara> bhauMhara> bhauNhraa| 19. bhunasAra - 'bhAnuzAlA' se vikasita bhunasAra kaI bhASAoM aura boliyoM meM pracalita hai / bhAnu ke do artha haiM sUrya aura prbhaa| bhAnuzAlA yAnI prabhA kA ghara yAnI bhora yA tar3ake / bhAnuzAlA >bhAnu sAla >bhAnusAra >bhinasAra dUsarA rUpa bhunsaar| bhinasAra pUrvI hiMdI meM adhika pracalita hai : jaise 'bilapata nRpahiM bhayeu bhinusArA' ( mAnasa 2 / 37 ) 'kahata rAmaguna bhA bhinusArA' ( vahI ) 'bhA bhinasAra kirana ravi phUTI ( padamAvata ) 'bhunasAre sona ciraiyA kAya bolI' sabere-sabere sona cir3ayA kyoM bolI ? bundelakhaMDI lokgiit| 20. pagar3I-saMskRta prAvR dhAtu se prAvara banatA hai, jisakA artha hai aacchaadn| prAkRta meM isake lie paMgura zabda hai jisakA vikAsa, prA / vR se kalpita hai / paMgura> paggura>paggara >paggar3a strIliMga meM pgdd'ii| pagar3I ke kaI artha haiM, najarAnA yA bheMTa, pagar3I bAMdhanA, pagar3I lenA, pagar3I denA ityaadi| paggura se pagga >pAga rUpa bhI saMbhava haiN| sUrasAgara meM isakA prayoga hai| "dadhi odana bhara donoM dehoM aru AMcala kI paag|" eka aura zabda hai 'pagahA' "Age nAtha na pIche pagahA" / pagahA yAnI lagAma / isakA vikAsa saMskRta pragaha > paggaha pagahA ke rUpa meM huaa| yoga hai 'jahiM parahi dhavalu pariggA' jahA~ baila ko rassI se pakar3A gayA hai| 21. anAr3I anAr3I ke mUla meM ajJAnI zabda hai, na ki anyAyakArI, yA anArya, jaisA ki kramazaH DA0 udayanArAyaNa tivArI aura DA0 devendranAtha zarmA samajhate haiN| anArya se khIMcatAna kara anAr3I siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| parantu usakA artha hogA niMdya, Aryetara pApI yA duSTa, jabaki anAr3I kA artha hai vivekahIna parisaMvAda-4
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________________ jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana jo ajJAnI se aNNANI> annAr3I>anAr3I vikasita hai, hindI meM isI artha meM 'anAr3I' zabda prayukta hai| anAr3I ke hAtha meM par3I motI kI mAlA sI karpUramaMjarI kIdazA hai; ( bhArateMdu ) / 'ThAnata anIti Ani, nIti lai anArI ( anAr3I ) kI' ( ratnAkara ) / 22. akhAr3A-akSavATa >akkha ADa > akkhADa> akhaadd'aa| rAjabhavana kA vaha sthAna jahA~ para sArvajanika utsavoM kA Ayojana hotA thaa| DA0 devendranAtha zarmA ne saMskRta AkhAta se (AkhAta > akhAda >akhAr3A) jo akhAr3e kI vyutpatti mAnI hai, vaha galata hai| ta aura da ko mUrdhanyabhAva hotA hai, paraMtu isameM 'ra' kA honA jarUrI hai jaise garta me gaDDhA banatA hai| akhAr3e kA abhiprAya raMgabhUmi se hai| jaise "laMkA sikhara upara agArA tahaM dasakandhara dekha akhaaraa'| "naTa nATaka paturinI au bAjA Ani akhAra sabai tahaM saajaa"|-pdmaavt 23. ahUThA-ahUThA kA saMkSipta rUpa hUThA bhI hai| DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla isakI vyutpatti adhyuSTa se mAnate haiM, parantu yaha zabda saMskRta meM isa artha meM nahIM hai / ahUThA kA artha hai sAr3he tIna hAtha / __hattha aTThaha devalo bAlahaM nAhi pavesu / sAr3he tIna hAtha kI devalI hai, jisameM mUkhoM kA praveza nahIM hai| ___ "aThahu hAtha tana saravara hiyo ka~vala tehiM mAMha" |-padmAvata mUla zabda arddha + tri [ AdhA aura tIna ] se [ arddhatri> aDNa TTi>aDhaTTi > ahuTTha> ahuThA ] vikAsa huaa| 24. asarAra-kabIra koza meM asarAra ko sara sara se, aura asarArA ko phArasI zarIra ( zaitAna ) se vikasita mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH asarAra ke mUla meM ajasratara zabda hai / ajasratara aa sara ara asarAra > asarAla asarAra / svayaMbhU aura puSpadaMta ne isakA prayoga kiyA hai / kabIra kahate haiM: "manmatha karama kasai asa rArA kalapata vidu kasai tihi dvArA" 25. ArasI-kahAvata hai hAtha kaMgana ko ArasI kyA ? AdazikA>AarasiA>ArasiA, >aarsii|| 27. adher3a-arddhavRddha > addha iDDha> addheDDha > adheDDha > adhedd'| yAnI adhbuuddh'aa| parisaMvAda-4
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________________ Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM kA vikAsa aura prAkRta tathA apabhraMza 307 27. khar3I khar3A-khar3A khaDDA Adi zabda paMjAbI, hariyAnI aura khar3I bolI meM prayukta hai, jabaki hiMdI bolI samUha aura rAjasthAnI meM kramazaH ThAr3ha aura UbhA zabda pracalita haiN| ThAr3ha ke mUla meM sthAna zabda hai / prAkRta vaiyAkaraNa sthAna se ThANa kA vikAsa mAnate haiN| prAkRta ke eka niyama ke anusAra 'Tha' 'kha' meM badalatA hai| khANa se khar3A banA / 'khar3I bolI' kA artha hai, sthApita yA vyavahAra meM AnevAlI bolii| dUsarI boliyA~ prAdezika AdhAra para apanA vikAsa karatI haiM, jaba ki khar3I bolI aitihAsika AdhAra pr| 28. khar3AU~ kASThapAdukA > kaTTha A u A>kaThAuA> kaDhAuA>kha DA u aa>khdd'aauuN| 29. rassI/lejurI saMskRta meM razmi aura rajju zabda haiM-"kiraNoM kA rajju sameTa liyaa"| [ kAmAyanI] razmi> rssir>rssii| rajju.>lajju>lejja >leja / svArthika pratyaya 'Da' ke kAraNa rajjur3I rUpa hogA / rajjur3I>lajur3I 7 lejurii| lajur3I se jelur3I > jeur3o>jevar3I kA vikAsa hotA hai| 'rAma nAma kI jevar3I jita khIMce tita jAU~ |'-kbiir 'lejurI bhaI nAha binu tohI |'-jaaysii 30. bar3A-bRhat > bahaDDa>baaDDa>bADDa>bar3A / ye vyutpattiyAM bAnagI ke taura para dI gaI haiM, jo yaha batAne ke lie haiM ki lokavyavahAra bhASA kI vaha TakasAla hai, jo zabdoM ko ghisatI hai, DhAlatI hai, aura unakA pramANIkaraNa karatI hai| kyoMki isake binA loka vyavahAra nahIM cala sktaa| bhAratIya AryabhASA mUlataH eka bhASA kA pravAha hai, jo eka se aneka pravAhoM meM vikasita hotA haiM, prAkRta apabhraMza usake muhAne haiM, jinake adhyayana ke binA na to AryabhASA kI bahumukhI vikAsa-prakriyA kA vaijJAnika adhyayana saMbhava hai, aura na unake yogadAna kA vAstavika mUlyAMkana / isake lie pahalI mUlabhUta AvazyakatA hai - prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke zabdoM aura rUpoM ke vyutpattimUlaka zabdakozoM kI racanA, jo saMdarbho aura udAharaNoM se bharapUra ho / usake anaMtara pratyeka prAdezika athavA bolI ke udgama aura vikAsa kI pravRttiyoM kA adhyayana aura unakI, pUrvavartI zabdoM aura rUpoM se pahacAna, isase AryabhASA kI kSetrIya aura aitihAsika pravRttiyoM kI prAmANika pahacAna ho skegii| parisaMvAda-4