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________________ AcArya kundakunda bhAratIya cintakoM aura granthakAroMmeM AcArya kundakundakA agrapaMktimeM sthAna hai| unhoMne apane vipula vAGmayake dvArA bhAratIya saMskRtiko tattvajJAna aura adhyAtma pradhAna vicAra tathA AcAra pradAna kiyA hai / bhAratIya sAhityameM prAkRta-bhASAke mahApaNDita aura isa bhASAmeM nibaddha siddhAnta-sAhityake racayitAke rUpameM inakA nAma dUra atItakAlase vizruta hai / maGgalakAryake ArambhameM bar3e Adarake sAtha inakA smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai / antima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake pradhAna gaNadhara gautama indrabhUtike pazcAt AcArya kundakundakA maGgalarUpameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki nimna padyase prakaTa hai maGgalaM bhagavAn vIro maGgalaM gautamo gnnii| maGgalaM kundakundAryo jainadharmo'stu maGgalam // isase avagata hotA hai ki AcArya kundakunda eka mahAn prabhAvazAlI hue haiM, jo pichale do hajAra varSoM meM hue hajAroM AcAryoM meM prathama evaM asAdhAraNa AcArya hai| unake uttaravartI granthakAroMne apane granthoM meM unheM sazraddha smaraNa kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, zilAlekhoMmeM bhI unakI asAdhAraNa vidvattA, anupama saMyama, adbhuta indriya-vijaya, unheM prApta Rddhi-siddhiyoM AdikA vizeSa ullekha kiyA gayA hai| paTTAvaliyoMse vidita hai ki unhoMne ATha varSakI avasthAmeM hI sAdha-dIkSA le lI thI aura samagra jIvana saMyama aura taponuSThAna pUrvaka vyatIta kiyA thaa| ve caurAsI varSa taka jiye the aura isa lambe jIvanameM unhoMne dIrgha cintana, manana evaM grantha-sRjana kiyA thaa| ___inake samayapara aneka vidvAnoMne UhApohapUrvaka vistRta vicAra kiyA hai| svargIya paM0 jugalakizora 'mukhtAra' ne aneka pramANoMse vikramakI pahalI zatAbdI samaya nirdhArita kiyA hai / mUla saMghakI upalabdha paTTAvalIke anusAra bhI yahI samaya (vi0 saM0 49) mAnA gayA hai| DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhyene 2 sabhIke mAnya samayapara gaharA UhApoha kiyA hai aura IsvI sanakA prArambha unakA astitva-samaya nirNIta kiyA hai / . grantha-racanA kundakundane apanI grantha-racanAke lie prAkRta, pAlI aura saMskRta ina tIna prAcIna bhAratIya bhASAoMmeMse prAkRtako cunA / prAkRta usa samaya jana-bhASAke rUpameM prasiddha thI aura ve jana-sAdhAraNa taka apane cintanako pahu~cAnA cAhate the| isake atirikta SaTkhaNDAgama, kaSAyapAhuDa jaise ArSa grantha prAkRtameM hI nibaddha honese prAkRtakI dIrghakAlIna prAcIna paramparA unheM prApta thii| ataeva unhoMne apane sabhI granthoMkI racanA prAkRta bhASAmeM hI kI / unakI yaha prAkRta zaurasenI prAkRta hai| isI zaurasenI prAkRtameM digambara paramparAke uttaravartI AcAryoMne bhI apane grantha race haiN| prAkRta-sAhityake nirmAtAoMmeM AcArya kundakundakA mUrdhanya sthAna hai / inhoMne jitanA prAkRta-vAGmaya racA hai utanA anya manISIne nahIM likhA / kahA jAtA hai ki 1. purAtana-vAkya-sUcI, prastAvanA, 10 12, vIra sevA mandira, sarasAvA, 1950 I0 / 2. pravacanasAra, prastAvanA, pR0 10-25, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1935 I0 /
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________________ kundakundane 84 pAhuDoM (prAbhRtoM-prakaraNagranthoM) tathA AcArya puSpadanta-bhUtabalI dvArA racita 'SaTkhaNDAgama' ArSa granthakI vizAla TIkAkI bhI racanA kI thii| para Aja vaha saba grantha-rAzi upalabdha nahIM hai| phira bhI jo grantha prApta hai unase jaina vAGmaya samRddha evaM dedIpyamAna hai| unakI ina upalabdha kRtiyoMkA saMkSipta paricaya diyA jAtA hai 1. pravacanasAra-isameM tIna adhikAra haiM-(1) jJAnAdhikAra, (2) jJeyAdhikAra aura (3) cAritrAdhikAra / ina adhikAroMmeM viSayoMke varNanakA avagama unake nAmoMse jJAta ho jAtA hai| arthAta pahale adhikAramai jJAnakA, dUsaremeM jJeyakA aura tIsaremeM cAritra (sAdhu-cAritra) kA pratipAdana hai| isa eka grantha ke adhyayanase jaina tattvajJAna acchI taraha avagata ho jAtA hai| isapara do vyAkhyAe~ upalabdha hai-eka AcArya amRtacandrakI aura dUsarI AcArya jysenkii| amRtacandrakI vyAkhyAnusAra isameM 275 (92 + 108+ 75) gAthAe~ hai aura jayasenakI vyAkhyAke anusAra isameM 317 gAthAe~ hai| yaha gAthAoMkI saMkhyAkI bhinnatA vyAkhyAkAroMko prApta nyUnAdhika saMkhyaka pratiyoMke kAraNa ho sakatI hai| yadi koI anya kAraNa rahA ho to usakI gaharAIse chAnabIna kI jAnI caahie| ye donoM vyAkhyAe~ saMskRta meM nibaddha hai aura donoM hI mUlako spaSTa karatI haiN| unameM antara yahI hai ki amRtacandrakI vyAkhyA gadya-padyAtmaka hai aura durUha evaM jaTila hai| para jayasenakI vyAkhyA sarala evaM sukhasAdhya hai / tathA kevala gadyAtmaka hai / hA~, usameM pUrvAcAryoMke uddharaNa prApta haiN| 2. paMcAstikAya-isameM do zrutaskandha (adhikAra) hai-1 SaDdravya-paMcAstikAya aura 2 navapadArtha / donoM ke viSayakA varNana unake nAmoMse spaSTa vidita hai| isapara bhI ukta donoM AcAryoMkI saMskRtameM TIkAe~ haiM aura donoM mUlako spaSTa karatI hai / pahale zrutaskandhame 104 aura dUsaremeM AcArya amRtacandra ke anusAra 68 tathA jayasenAcAryake anusAra 69 kula 172 yA 173 gAthAe~ haiN| 'maggappabhAvaNa?' yaha (173 saMkhyaka) gAthA amRtacandrakI vyAkhyAmeM nahIM hai kintu jayasenakI vyAkhyAmeM hai| yaha gAthA-saMkhyAkI nyUnAdhikatA bhI vyAkhyAkAroMko prApta nyUnAdhikasaMkhyaka pratiyoMkA pariNAma jAna par3atA hai| 3. samayasAra-isameM daza adhikAra haiM-1 jIvAjIvAdhikAra, 2 katakarmAdhikAra, 3 puNyapApAdhikAra, 4 AsravAdhikAra, 5 saMvarAdhikAra, 6 nirjarAdhikAra, 7 bandhAdhikAra, 8 mokSAdhikAra, 9 sarvavizuddhajJAnAdhikAra aura 10 syAdvAdAdhikAra / ina adhikAroMke nAmase hI unake viSayoMkA jJAna ho jAtA hai| antima adhikAra vyAkhyAkAra AcArya amRtacandradvArA abhihita hai, mUlakAra AcArya kundakundadvArA racita nahIM hai| amRtacandrako isa adhikArako racanekI AvazyakatA isalie par3I ki samayasArakA adhyetA pUrva adhikAroMmeM vaNita nizcaya aura vyavahAranayoMkI pradhAna evaM gauNa dRSTise samayasArake abhidheya Atmatattvako samajhe aura nirUpita kare / isIse unhoMne syAdvAdAdhikArameM syAdvAdake vAcya-anekAntakA samarthana karaneke lie tat-atat, sat-asat, eka-aneka, nitya-anitya Adi aneka nayoM (dRSTiyoM) se AtmatattvakA vivecana kiyA hai| antameM kalaza kAvyoMmeM isI tathyako spaSTatayA vyakta kiyA hai| samayasArapara bhI ukta donoM AcAryoMkI saskRta-vyAkhyAeM haiM, jo mUlake hArdako bahuta uttama DhaMgase spaSTa karatI haiM / amRtacandrane pratyeka gAthApara bahuta sundara evaM praur3ha kalazakAvya bhI race hai, jo AcArya kundakundake gAthA-mandirake zikharapara car3he kalazakI bhAMti suzobhita hote haiM / aneka vidvAnoMne ina samasta kalazakAvyoMko 'samayasAra-kalaza' ke nAmase pustakArUr3ha karake prakAzita bhI kiyA hai / samayasAra aura samayasAra-kalazake hindI Adi bhASAoMme anuvAda bhI hue haiM, jo inakI lokapriyatAko prakaTa karate hai / isameM 415 gAthAe~ hai| yaha samayasAra (samayaprAbhRta) tattvajJAnaprapUrNa hai| -412 -
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________________ 4. niyamasAra-isameM 12 adhikAra aura 187 gAthAe~ haiM / isapara padmaprabhamaladhArIdevakI saMskRtaTIkA hai, jo mUlako to spaSTa karatI hI hai, sambaddha evaM prasaMgopAtta svaracita evaM anya granthakAroMke zlokoMkA bhI Akara hai| isa granthame bhI samayasArakI taraha AtmatattvakA pratipAdana hai / mumukSuke liye yaha utanA hI upayogI aura upAdeya hai jitanA ukta samayasAra / 5. daMsaNa-pAhaDa-isameM samyagdarzanakA 26 gAthAoM meM vivecana hai| isakI kaI gAthAe~ to sadA smaraNIya hai / yahA~ nimna tIna gAthAoMko denekA lobha saMvaraNa nahIM kara sakatA daMsaNabhaTTA bhaTTA daMsaNabhaTTassa patthi NivvANaM / sijhaMti cariyabhaTTA saNabhaTTA Na sijhaMti // 3 // samattarayaNabhaTTA jANaMtA bahuvihAiM satthAiM / ArAhaNAvirahiyA bhamaMti tattheva tattheva // 4 // sammattavirahiyANaM suThTha vi uggaM tavaM caratANaM / Na lahaMti bohibAhaM avi vAsasahassakoDIhiM // 5 // ina gAthAoMmeM kahA gayA hai ki 'jo samyagdarzanase bhraSTa haiM ve vastutaH bhraSTa (patita) haiM, kyoMki samyagdarzanase bhraSTa manuSyako mokSa prApta nahIM hotaa| kintu jo samyagdarzanase sahita haiM aura cAritrase bhraSTa haiM unheM mokSa prApta ho jAtA hai| para samyagdarzanase bhraSTa siddha nahIM hote| jo aneka zAstroMke jJAtA kintu samyaktva-ratnase cyuta haiM ve bhI ArAdhanAoMse rahina honese vahIM vahIM saMsArameM cakkara kATate haiN| jo karor3oM varSoM taka ugra tapa karate haiM kintu samyagdarzanase rahita haiM ve bhI bodhilAbha (mokSa) ko prApta nahIM hote / ' kundakundane 'dasaNa-pAhuDa' meM samyagdarzanakA mahattva nirUpita kara usako prAptipara jJAnI aura sAdhu donoMke lie bala diyA hai| 6. cArittapAiDa- isameM 44 gAthAoMke dvArA manuSya jIvanako ujjvala banAne vAle evaM mokSamArgake tIsare pAye samyakcAritrakA acchA nirUpaNa hai / 7. suttapAhuDa-isameM 27 gAthAe~ hai| unameM sUtra (nirdoSavANI) kA mahattva aura tadanusAra pravRtti karanepara bala diyA gayA hai| 8. bodhapAhuDa-isameM 62 gAthAe~ haiN| jinameM una 11 bAtoMkA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, jinakA bodha muktike lie Avazyaka hai| 9. bhAvapAhuDa-isameM 163 gAthAoM dvArA bhAvoM-AtmapariNAmoMkI nirmalatAkA vizada nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| 10. mokkhapAhuDa-isameM 106 gAthAe~ nibaddha haiM / unake dvArA AcAryane mokSakA svarUpa batalAte hue bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ina tIna AtmabhedoMkA pratipAdana kiyA hai / 11. liMgapAhaDa-isameM 22 gAthAe~ haiM / ina gAthAoMmeM mukti ke lie Avazyaka liMga (veSa), jo dravya aura bhAva do prakAra kA hai, vivecita hai| 12. sIlapAhuDa-40 gAthAoM dvArA isame viSayatRSNA Adi azIlako bandha evaM duHkhakA kAraNa batalAte hue jIvadayA, indriya-damana, saMyama Adi zIloM (sampravRttiyoM) kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai /
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________________ ina uparyukta ATha pAhuDoMko 'aSTapAhuDa' kahA jAtA hai aura Arambhake 6 pAhuDoMpara zrutasAgara sUrikI saMskRta-vyAkhyAe~ haiN| 13. bArasa aNuvekkhA-isameM vairAgyotpAdaka 12 anuprekSAoM (bhAvanAoM) kA 91 gAthAoM meM pratipAdana hai| 14. siddhabhatti-isameM 12 gAthAoM dvArA siddhoMkA svarUpa va unakI bhakti varNita hai / 15. sudabhatti-isameM 11 gAthAe~ haiN| unameM zrutakI bhakti pratipAdita hai / 16. cArittabhatti-isameM 10 anuSTup gAthAoM dvArA pA~ca prakArake cAritrakA digdarzana haiM / 17. yogibhatti--23 gAthAoM dvArA isameM yogiyoMkI vibhinna avasthAoMkA vivecana hai / 18. Ayariyabhatti-isameM 10 gAthAoM dvArA AcAryake guNoMkI saMstuti kI gayI hai| 19. NivvANabhatti-isameM 27 gAthAe~ haiM aura unameM nirvANakA svarUpa evaM nirvANaprApta tIrthakaroMkI stuti kI gayI hai| 20. paMcagurubhatti-yaha sAta gAthAoMkI laghu kRti hai aura pAMca parameSThiyoMkI bhakti isameM nibaddha hai| 21. thossAmithudi-isameM 8 gAthAoM dvArA RSabhAdi caubIsa tIrthaMkaroMkI stuti kI gayI hai / ina racanAoMke sivAya kucha vidvAn 'rayaNasAra' aura 'mUlAcAra' ko bhI kundakundakI racanA batalAte hai| kundakundakI dena kandakandake isa vizAla vAGmayakA sUkSma aura gaharA adhyayana karanepara unakI hameM aneka upalabdhiyA~ avagata hotI haiM / unakA yahA~ aMkana karake unapara saMkSipta vicAra kareMge / ve ye haiM 1 sAhityika udbhAvanAe~, 2 dArzanika cintana, 3 tAttvika vicAraNA aura 4 lokakalyANI dRSTi / 1. sAhityika udbhAvanAeM-hama pahale kaha Aye hai ki kundakundakI upalabdha samagra prantha-racanA prAkata-bhASAmeM nibaddha hai| prAkRta-sAhitya gadya sUtroM aura padya sUtroM donoMmeM upanibaddha haA hai| kandakandane apane samagra grantha, jo upalabdha haiM, padyasUtroM-gAthAoMmeM hI race haiN| prAkRtakA padya-sAhitya yadyapi ekamAtra mAdhA-chanda meM, jo AryAchandake nAmase prasiddha hai, prApta hai / kintu kundakundake prAkRta padya-vAGmayakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM gAthA-chandake atirikta anuSTup aura upajAti chandoMkA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai aura mandavaividhyase usameM saundarya ke sAtha Ananda bhI adhyetAko prApta hotA hai / anuSTup chandake lie bhAvapADa gAthA 59, niyamasAra gAthA 126 aura upajAti chandake lie pravacanasArake jJeyAdhikArakI 'Niddhassa rAhieNa' gAthAe~ draSTavya haiN| yadyapi SaTkhaNDAgamake paMcama vargaNAkhaNDake 36 veM 'Nissa Ni Na' matrako hI apane granthakA aMga banA liyA hai| phira bhI chandoMkI vividhatAmeM kSati nahIM aatii| isI prakAra alaMkAra-vividhatA bhI unake granthoMmeM upalabdha hotI hai, jo kAnyakI dRSTi se usakA honA acchA hai| aprastutaprazaMsA alaMkAra ke lie bhAvapAhuDakI 'Na muyai paDi abhavo' (137 saMkhyaka) gAthA. mAlaMkArake lie isI granthakI 'jaha tArayANa caMdroM' (143 saMkhyaka) gAthA aura rUpakAlaMkArake lie usIko 'jiNavaracaraNaMburuha' (152) gAthA dekhie| isa prakAra kundakundake prAkRta vAGmayameM aneka sAhityika udbhAvanAe~ parilakSita hotI haiM, jisase avagata hotA hai ki AcArya kundakunda kevala siddhAntavettA manISI -414
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________________ hI nahIM the, ve prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASAoMke praur3ha kavi bhI the aura ina bhASAoMmeM vividha chandoM tathA alaMkAroMmeM kavitA karaneko viziSTa pratibhA unheM prApta thii| dArzanika cintana kundakundakA dArzanika cintana Agama, anubhava aura tarkapara vizeSa AdhRta hai / jaba ve kisI vastukA vicAra karate haiM to usameM siddhAntake alAvA darzanakA AdhAra avazya rahatA hai| paMcAstikAyameM kundakundane dravyake lakSaNa kiye haiN| eka yaha ki jo sat hai vaha dravya hai tathA sat use kahate haiM jisameM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya do pAye jAyeM / jagatkI sabhI vastue~ satsvarUpa hai aura isIse unameM pratikSaNa utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya pAyA jAtA hai / dUsarA lakSaNa yaha hai ki jo guNoM aura paryAyoMkA Azraya hai / arthAt guNa-paryAya vAlA hai| pahalA lakSaNa jahA~ dravyakI trayAtmaka zaktiko prakaTa karatA hai vahA~ dUsarA lakSaNa dravyako guNoM aura paryAyoMkA puJja siddha karatA hai tathA usameM sahAnekAnta aura kramAnekAnta do anekAntoMko siddha kara sabhI vastuoMko anekAntAtmaka batalAtA hai / kundakundake ina donoM lakSaNoMko uttaravartI gRddhapiccha jaise sabhI AcAryone apanAyA hai / ___ kundakundakA dUsarA nayA cintana yaha hai ki AgamoMmeM jo 'siyA asthi' (syAd asti-kathaMcit hai) aura 'siyA patthi' (syAnnAsti-kathaMcit nahIM hai) ina do bhaMgoM (prakAroM)se vastunirUpaNa hai / kundakundane use sAta bhaMgoM (prakAroM) se pratipAdita kiyA hai tathA dravyamAtrako sAta bhaMga (sAta prakAra) rUpa batalAyA hai| unakA yaha cintana evaM pratipAdana samantabhadra jaise AcAryoMke lie mArgadarzaka siddha haa| samantabhadra ne unakI isa 'saptabhaMgI' ko AptamImAMsA, svayambhastotra AdimeM vikasita kiyA evaM vizadatayA nirUpita kiyA hai| tAttvika cintana kundakundakI upalabdha sabhI racanAe~ tAttvika cintanase otaprota haiM / samayasAra aura niyamasArameM jo zuddha AtmAkA vizada aura vistRta vivecana hai vaha anyatra alabhya hai| AtmAke bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ina tIna bhedoMkA (mokSapAhuDa 4 se 7) kathana unase pahale kisI granthameM upalabdha nahIM hai| samyagdarzanake ATha aMgoMkA nirUpaNa (sa0 sA0 229-236), aNumAtra rAga rakhane vAlA sarvazAstrajJa bhI svasamayakA jJAtA nahIM (paMcA0 167), jIvako sarvathA karmabaddha athavA karma-abaddha batalAnA naya pakSa (ekAntavAda) hai aura donoMkA grahaNa karanA samayasAra hai (sa. sA. 141-143), tIrthaMkara bhI vastradhArI ho to siddha nahIM ho sakatA (daM0 pA0 23) Adi tAttvika vivecana kundakundakI dena hai / loka kalyANI dRSTi kundakundakI dRSTimeM guNa kalyANakArI haiM, deha, jAti, kula Adi nhiiN| (daM. pA. 27) Adi nirUpaNa bhI unakI prazasta dena hai / isa prakAra manuSyamAtrake hitakA mArga unhoMne prazasta kiyA hai /