Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcArya hemacandra : eka yugapuruSa AcArya hemacandra bhAratIya manISArUpI AkAza ke eka dedIpyamAna nakSatra haiN| vidyopAsaka zvetAmbara jaina AcAryoM meM bahuvidha aura vipula sAhityasraSTA ke rUpa meM AcArya haribhadra ke bAda yadi koI mahattvapUrNa nAma hai to vaha AcArya hemacandra kA hI hai| jisa prakAra AcArya haribhadra ne vividha bhASAoM meM jaina vidyA kI vividha vidyAoM para vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA thA, usI prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne vividha vidyAoM para vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai| AcArya hemacandra gujarAta kI vidvat paramparA ke pratibhAzAlI aura prabhAvazAlI jaina AcArya haiN| unake sAhitya meM jo bahuvidhatA hai vaha unake vyaktitva kI evaM unake jJAna kI bahuvidhatA kI paricAyikA hai| kAvya, chanda, vyAkaraNa, koza, kathA, darzana, adhyAtma aura yoga-sAdhanA Adi sabhI pakSoM ko AcArya hemacandra ne apanI sRjanadharmitA meM sameTa liyA hai| dharmasApekSa aura dharmanirapekSa donoM hI prakAra ke sAhitya ke sRjana meM unake vyaktitva kI samAnatA kA anya koI nahIM milatA hai| jisa mor3havaNika jAti ne samprati yuga meM gA~dhI jaise mahAna vyakti ko janma diyA usI mor3havaNika jAti ne AcArya hemacandra ko bhI janma diyA thaa| AcArya hemacandra kA janma gujarAta ke dhandhukA nagara meM zreSThi cAciga tathA mAtA pAhiNI kI kukSi se I0 san 1088 meM huA thaa| jo sUcanAe~ upalabdha haiM unake AdhAra para yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki hemacandra ke pitA zaiva aura mAtA jainadharma kI anuyAyI thiiN|' Aja bhI gujarAta kI isa mor3havaNika jAti meM vaiSNava aura jaina donoM dharmoM ke anuyAyI pAe jAte haiN| ataH hemacandra ke pitA cAciga ke zaivadharmAvalambI aura mAtA pAhiNI ke jainadharmAvalambI hone meM koI virodha nahIM hai kyoMki prAcIna kAla se hI bhAratavarSa meM aise aneka parivAra rahe haiM jisake sadasya bhitra-bhitra dharmoM ke anuyAyI hote the| sambhavataH pitA ke zaivadharmAvalambI aura mAtA ke jaina-dharmAvalambI hone ke kAraNa hI hemacandra ke jIvana meM dhArmika samanvayazIlatA ke bIja adhika vikasita ho ske| dUsare zabdoM meM dharmasamanvaya kI jIvanadRSTi to unheM apane pArivArika pariveza se hI milI thii| AcArya devacandra jo ki AcArya hemacandra ke dIkSAguru the, svayaM bhI prabhAvazAlI AcArya the| unhoMne bAlaka caMgadeva ( hemacandra ke janma kA nAma ) kI pratibhA ko samajha liyA thA, isaliye unhoMne unakI mAtA se unheM bAlyakAla meM
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcArya hemacandra : eka yugapuruSa hI prApta kara liyaa| AcArya hemacandra ko unakI alpa bAlyAvasthA meM hI guru dvArA dIkSA pradAna kara dI gaI aura vidhivata rUpa se unheM dharma, darzana aura sAhitya kA adhyayana karavAyA gyaa| vastuta: hemacandra kI pratibhA aura devacandra ke prayatna ne bAlaka ke vyaktitva ko eka mahanIyatA pradAna kii| hemacandra kA vyaktitva bhI unake sAhitya kI bhA~ti bahu-AyAmI thaa| ve kuzala rAjanItijJa, mahAn dharmaprabhAvaka, loka-kalyANakartA evaM apratima vidvAn, sabhI kucha the| unake mahAn vyaktitva ke sabhI pakSoM ko ujAgara kara pAnA to yahA~ sambhava nahIM hai, phira bhI maiM kucha mahattvapUrNa pakSoM para prakAza DAlane kA prayatna avazya kruuNgaa| hemacandra kI dhArmika sahiSNutA yaha satya hai ki AcArya hemacandra kI jainadharma ke prati ananya niSThA thI kintu sAtha hI ve anya dharmoM ke prati sahiSNu bhI the| unheM yaha guNa apane parivAra se hI virAsata meM milA thaa| jaisA ki sAmAnya vizvAsa hai, hemacandra kI mAtA jaina aura pitA zaiva the| eka hI parivAra meM vibhinna dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM kI upasthiti usa parivAra kI sahiSNuvRtti kI hI paricAyaka hotI hai| AcArya kI isa kulagata sahiSNuvRtti ko jainadharma ke anekAntavAda kI udAra dRSTi se aura adhika bala milaa| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki anya jaina AcAryoM ke samAna hemacandra ne bhI anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA nAmaka samIkSAtmaka grantha likhA aura usameM anya darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA bhI kii| kintu isase yaha anumAna nahIM lagAnA cAhiye ki hemacandra meM dhArmika udAratA nahIM thii| vastuta: hemacandra jisa yuga meM hue the, vaha yuga dArzanika vAda-vivAda kA yuga kA thaa| ata: hemacandra kI yaha vivazatA thI ki ve apanI paramparA kI rakSA ke liye anya darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM kI tArkika samIkSA kara parapakSa kA khaNDana aura svapakSa kA maNDana kreN| kintu yadi hemacandra kI mahAdevastotra Adi racanAoM evaM unake vyAvahArika jIvana ko dekheM to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki unake jIvana meM aura vyavahAra meM dhArmika udAratA vidyamAna thii| kumArapAla ke pUrva ve jayasiMha siddharAja ke samparka meM the, kintu unake jIvanavRtta se hameM aisA koI saMketa-sUtra nahIM milatA ki unhoMne kabhI bhI siddharAja ko jainadharma kA anuyAyI banAne kA prayatna kiyA ho| mAtra yahI nahIM, jayasiMha siddharAja ke darabAra meM rahate hue bhI unhoMne kabhI kisI anya paramparA ke vidvAn kI upekSA yA avamAnanA kI ho, aisA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| yadyapi kathAnakoM meM jayasiMha siddharAja ke darabAra meM unake digambara jaina AcArya ke sAtha hue vAda-vivAda kA ullekha avazya hai parantu usameM bhI mukhya vAdI ke rUpa meM hemacandra na hokara bRhadgacchIya vAdidevasUri hI the| yaha bhI satya hai ki hemacandra se
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 62 AcArya hemacandra : eka yugapuruSa / prabhAvita hokara kumArapAla ne jainadharmAnuyAyI banakara jainadharma kI praryApta prabhAvanA kI, kintu kumArapAla ke dharma-parivartana yA unako jaina banAne meM hemacandra kA kitanA hAtha thA, yaha vicAraNIya hI hai| vastuta: hemacandra ke dvArA na kevala kumArapAla kI jIva-rakSA huI thI apitu use rAjya bhI milA thaa| yaha to AcArya ke prati usakI atyadhika niSThA hI thI jisane use jainadharma kI ora AkarSita kiyaa| yaha bhI satya hai ki hemacandra ne usake mAdhyama se ahiMsA aura naitika mUlyoM kA prasAra karavAyA aura jainadharma kI prabhAvanA bhI karavAI kintu kabhI bhI unhoMne rAjA meM dhArmika kaTTaratA kA bIja nahIM boyaa| kumArapAla sampUrNa jIvana meM zaivoM ke prati bhI utanA hI udAra rahA, jitanA vaha jainoM ke prati thaa| yadi hemacandra cAhate to use zaivadharma se pUrNata: vimukha kara sakate the, para unhoMne kabhI aisA nahIM kiyA balki use sadaiva hI zaivadharmAnuyAyiyoM ke sAtha udAra dRSTikoNa rakhane kA Adeza diyaa| yadi hemacandra meM dhArmika saMkIrNatA hotI to ve kumArapAla dvArA somanAtha mandira kA jINoddhAra karA kara usakI pratiSThA meM svayaM bhAga kyoM lete? athavA svayaM mahAdevastotra kI racanA kara rAjA ke sAtha svayaM bhI mahAdeva kI stuti kaise kara sakate the? unake dvArA racita mahAdevastotra isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki ve dhArmika udAratA ke samarthaka the| stotra meM unhoMne ziva, mahezvara, mahAdeva, Adi zabdoM kI sundara aura sampradAya nirapekSa vyAkhyA karate hue anta meM yahI kahA hai ki saMsArarUpI bIja ke aMkUroM ko utpanna karanevAle rAga aura dveSa jisake samApta ho gae hoM unheM maiM namaskAra karatA hU~, cAhe ve brahmA hoM, viSNu hoM, mahAdeva hoM athavA jina hoN| dhArmika sahiSNutA kA artha mithyA-vizvAsoM kA poSaNa nahIM yadyapi hemacandra dhArmika sahiSNutA ke samarthaka haiM, phira bhI ve isa sandarbha meM satarka haiM ki dharma ke nAma para mithyAdhAraNAoM aura andhavizvAsoM kA poSaNa na ho| isa sandarbha meM ve spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki jisa dharma meM deva yA upAsya rAgadveSa se yukta hoM, dharmaguru abrahmacArI hoM aura dharma meM karuNA va dayA ke bhAvoM kA abhAva ho, aisA dharma vastuta: adharma hI hai| upAsya ke sambandha meM hemacandra ko nAmoM kA koI Agraha nahIM, cAhe vaha brahmA ho, viSNu ho, ziva ho yA jina, kintu upAsya hone ke liye ve eka zarta avazya rakha dete haiM, vaha yaha ki use rAga-dveSa se mukta honA caahiye| ve svayaM kahate haiM ki - bhavabIjAMkurajananarAgadyAkSayamupAgatAsya brahmA vA viSNurvA haro vA jino vA namastasmai / / " isI prakAra guru ke sandarbha meM bhI unakA kahanA hai ki use brahmacArI yA
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcArya hemacandra : eka yugapuruSa 63 . caritravAna honA caahiye| ve likhate haiM ki - sarvAbhilASiNaH sarva bho jina: saparigrahaH / abrahmacAriNo mithyopadezAH guravo na tu / / 5 arthAt jo AkAMkSA se yukta ho, bhojyAbhojya ke viveka se rahita ho, parigraha sahita aura abrahmacArI tathA mithyA upadeza denevAlA ho, vaha guru nahIM ho sktaa| ve spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki jo hiMsA aura parigraha meM AkaNTha DUbA ho, vaha dUsaroM ko kaise tAra sakatA hai| jo svayaM dIna ho vaha dUsaroM ko dhanADhya kaise banA sakatA hai| arthAt caritravAna, niSparigrahI aura brahmacArI vyakti hI guru yogya ho sakatA hai| dharma ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM bhI hemacandra kA dRSTikoNa spaSTa hai| ve spaSTa rUpa se yaha mAnate haiM ki jisa sAdhanAmArga meM dayA evaM karuNA kA abhAva ho, jo viSayAkAMkSAoM kI pUrti ko hI jIvana kA lakSya mAnatA ho, jisameM saMyama kA abhAva ho, vaha dharma nahIM ho sktaa| hiMsAdi se kaluSita dharma, dharma na hokara saMsAra-paribhramaNa kA kAraNa hI hotA hai| isa prakAra hemacandra dhArmika sahiSNutA ko svIkAra karate hue bhI itanA avazya mAnate haiM ki dharma ke nAma para adharma kA poSaNa nahIM honA caahiye| unakI dRSTi meM dharma kA artha koI viziSTa karmakANDa na hokara karuNA aura lokamaMgala se yukta sadAcAra kA sAmAnya Adarza hI hai| ve spaSTataH kahate haiM ki saMyama, zIla, aura dayA se rahita dharma manuSya ke bauddhika divAliyepana kA hI sUcaka hai| ve Atma-pIr3A ke sAtha udghoSa karate haiM ki yaha bar3e kheda kI bAta hai ki jisake mUla meM kSamA, zIla aura dayA hai, aise kalyANakArI dharma ko chor3akara mandabuddhi loga hiMsA ko bhI dharma mAnate haiN| - isa prakAra hemacandra dhArmika udAratA ke kaTTara samarthaka hote hue bhI dharma ke nAma para AyI huI vikRtiyoM aura caritrahInatA kI samIkSA karate haiN| sarvadharmasamabhAva kyoM ? hemacandra kI dRSTi meM sarvadharmasamabhAva kI AvazyakatA kyoM hai, isakA nirdeza paM0 becaradAsajI ne apane 'hemacandrAcArya' nAmaka grantha meM kiyA hai| jayasiMha siddharAja kI sabhA meM hemacandra ne sarvadharmasamabhAva ke viSaya meM jo vicAra prastuta kiye the ve paM0 becaradAsajI ke zabdoM meM nimnalikhita haiM - "hemacandra kahate haiM ki prajA meM yadi vyApaka deza-prema aura zUravIratA ho, kintu yadi dhArmika udAratA na ho to deza kI janatA khatare meM hI hogI, yaha nizcita hI samajhanA caahiye| dhArmika udAratA ke abhAva meM prema saMkucita ho jAtA hai aura zUravIratA eka unmattatA kA rUpa le letI hai| aise unmatta loga khUna kI
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 64 AcArya hemacandra : eka yugapuruSa nadiyoM ko bahAne meM bhI nahIM cUkate aura deza ujAr3a ho jAtA hai| somanAtha ke pavitra devAlaya kA naSTa honA isakA jvalanta pramANa hai| dakSiNa meM dharma ke nAma para jo saMgharSa huA unameM hajAroM logoM kI jAne gyiiN| yaha havA aba gujarAta kI ora bahane lagI hai, kintu hameM vicAranA cAhiye ki yadi gujarAta meM isa dharmAndhatA kA praveza ho gayA to hamArI janatA aura rAjya ko vinaSTa hone meM koI samaya nahIM lgegaa| Age ve punaH kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra gujarAta ke mahArAjya ke vibhinna deza apanI vibhinna bhASAoM, vezabhUSAoM aura vyavasAyoM ko karate hue sabhI mahArAjA siddharAja kI AjJA ke vazIbhUta hokara kArya karate haiM, usI prakAra cAhe hamAre dhArmika kriyAkalApa bhinna hoM phira bhI unameM viveka-dRSTi rakhakara sabhI ko eka paramAtmA kI AjJA ke anukUla rahanA caahiye| isI meM deza aura prajA kA kalyANa hai| yadi hama sahiSNuvRtti se na rahakara, dharma ke nAma para yaha vivAda kareMge ki yaha dharma jhUThA hai aura yaha dharma saccA hai, yaha dharma nayA hai yaha dharma purAnA hai, to hama sabakA hI nAza hogaa| Aja hama jisa dharma kA AcaraNa kara rahe haiM, vaha koI zuddha dharma na hokara zuddha dharma ko prApta karane ke liye yogyatAbheda ke AdhAra para banAe gae bhinna-bhinna sAmpradAyika baMdhAraNa mAtra haiN| hameM yaha dhyAna rahe ki zastroM ke AdhAra para lar3A gayA yuddha to kabhI samApta ho jAtA hai, parantu zAstroM ke AdhAra para hone vAle saMgharSa kabhI samApta nahIM hote, ata: dharma ke nAma para ahiMsA Adi pA~ca vratoM kA pAlana ho, santoM kA samAgama ho, brAhmaNa, zramaNa aura mAtA-pitA kI sevA ho, yadi jIvana meM hama itanA hI pA sakeM to hamArI bahuta bar3I upalabdhi hogii|" hemacandra kI carcA meM dhArmika udAratA aura anudAratA ke svarUpa aura unake pariNAmoM kA jo mahattvapUrNa ullekha upalabdha hai vaha Aja bhI utanA hI prAsaMgika hai jitanA ki kabhI hemacandra ke samaya meM rahA hogaa| hemacandra aura gujarAta kI sadAcAra-krAnti . hemacandra ne siddharAja aura kumArapAla ko apane prabhAva meM lekara gujarAta meM jo mahAn sadAcAra krAnti kI vaha unake jIvana kI eka mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi hai aura jisase Aja taka bhI gujarAta kA janajIvana prabhAvita hai| hemacandra ne apane prabhAva kA upayoga janasAdhAraNa ko ahiMsA aura sadAcAra kI ora prerita karane ke liye kiyaa| kumArapAla ko prabhAvita kara unhoMne isa bAta kA vizeSa prayatna kiyA ki janasAdhAraNa meM se hiMsakavRtti aura kusaMskAra samApta hoN| unhoMne zikAra aura pazu bali ke niSedha ke sAtha-sAtha madyapAna niSedha, dyUtakrIr3A-niSedha ke Adeza bhI rAjA se pArita kraaye| AcArya ne na kevala isa sambandha meM rAjyAdeza
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcArya hemacandra : eka yugapuruSa 65 nikalavAe, apitu, jana-jana ko rAjyAdezoM ke pAlana hetu prerita bhI kiyA aura sampUrNa gujarAta aura usake sImAvartI pradeza meM eka vizeSa vAtAvaraNa nirmita kara diyaa| usa samaya kI gujarAta kI sthiti kA kucha citraNa hameM hemacandra ke mahAvIracarita meM milatA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki "rAjA ke hiMsA aura zikAraniSedha kA prabhAva yahA~ taka huA ki asaMskArI kuloM meM janma lene vAle vyaktiyoM ne bhI khaTamala aura jUM jaise sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA banda kara dii| zikAra banda ho jAne se jIva-jantu jaMgaloM meM usI nirbhayatA se ghUmane lage, jaise gauzAlA meM gaaeN| rAjya meM madirApAna isa prakAra banda ho gayA ki kumbhAroM ko madyabhANDa banAnA bhI banda karanA pdd'aa| madyapAna ke kAraNa jo loga atyanta daridra ho gae the, ve isakA tyAga kara phira se dhanI ho ge| sampUrNa rAjya me dyUtakrIr3A kA nAmonizAna hI samApta ho gyaa|"1. isa prakAra hemacandra ne apane prabhAva kA upayoga kara gujarAta meM vyasanamukta saMskArI jIvana kI jo krAnti kI thI, usake tattva Aja taka gujarAta ke janajIvana meM kisI sImA taka surakSita haiN| vastuta: yaha hemacandra ke vyaktitva kI mahAnatA hI thI jisake pariNAmasvarUpa eka sampUrNa rAjya meM saMskAra krAnti ho skii| siyoM aura vidhavAoM ke saMrakSaka hemacandra yadyapi hemacandra ne apane 'yogazAstra' meM pUrvavartI jainAcAryoM ke samAna hI brahmacarya ke sAdhaka ko apanI sAdhanA meM sthira rakhane ke liye nArI-nindA kI hai| ve kahate haiM ki striyoM meM svabhAva se hI caMcalatA, nirdayatA aura kuzIlatA ke doSa hote haiN| eka bAra samudra kI thAha pAyI jA sakatI hai kintu svabhAva se kuTila, duzcaritra kAminiyoM ke svabhAva kI thAha pAnA kaThina hai| kintu isake AdhAra para yaha mAna lenA ki hemacandra strI jAti ke mAtra Alocaka the, galata hogaa| hemacandra ne nArI jAti kI pratiSThA aura kalyANa ke liye jo mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA usake kAraNa ve yugoM taka yAda kiye jaayeNge| unhoMne kumArapAla ko upadeza dekara vidhavA aura nissantAna striyoM kI sampatti ko rAjyasAta kiye jAne kI kara-prathA ko sampUrNa rAjya meM sadaiva ke liye banda karavAyA aura isa mAdhyama se na kevala nArIjAti ko sampatti kA adhikAra dilavAyA,2 apitu unakI sAmAjika jIvana meM pratiSThA bhI kI aura anekAneka vidhavAoM ko saMkaTamaya jIvana se ubAra diyaa| ata: hama kaha sakate haiM ki hemacandra ne nArI ko apanI khoI huI pratiSThA pradAna kii| prajArakSaka hemacandra hemacandra kI dRSTi meM rAjA kA sabase mahattvapUrNa kartavya apanI prajA ke .
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcArya hemacandra : eka yugapuruSa sukha-duHkha kA dhyAna rakhanA hai| hemacandra rAjaguru hokara janasAdhAraNa ke nikaTa samparka meM the| eka samaya ve apane kisI ati nirdhana bhakta ke yahA~ bhikSArtha gae aura vahA~ se sUkhI roTI aura moTA khuradurA kapar3A bhikSA meM prApta kiyaa| vahI moTI roTI khAkara aura moTA vastra dhAraNa kara ve rAjadarabAra meM phuNce| kumArapAla ne jaba unheM anyamanaska, moTA kapar3A pahane darabAra meM dekhA, to jijJAsA prakaTa kI, ki mujhase kyA koI galatI ho gaI hai? AcArya hemacandra ne kahA -- "hama to muni haiM, hamAre liye to sUkhI roTI aura moTA kapar3A hI ucita hai| kintu jisa rAjA ke rAjya meM prajA ko itanA kaSTamaya jIvana bitAnA hotA hai, vaha rAjA apane prajA-dharma kA pAlaka to nahIM kahA jA sktaa| aisA rAjA narakesarI hone ke sthAna para narakezvarI hI hotA hai| eka ora apAra svarNa-rAzi aura dUsarI ora tana Dhakane kA kapar3A aura khAne ke liye sUkhI roTI kA abhAva, yaha rAjA ke liye ucita nahIM hai|" kahA jAtA hai ki hemacandra ke isa upadeza se prabhAvita ho rAjA ne Adeza diyA ki nagara meM jo bhI atyanta garIba loga haiM unako rAjya kI ora se vastra aura khAdya-sAmagrI pradAna kI jaaye| ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki hemacandra yadyapi svayaM eka muni kA jIvana jIte the kinta lokamaMgala aura lokalyANa ke liye tathA nirdhana janatA ke kaSTa dUra karane ke liye ve sadA tatpara rahate the aura isake liye rAjadarabAra meM bhI apane prabhAva kA prayoga karate the| samAjazAstrI hemacandra ___ svayaM muni hote hue bhI hemacandra pArivArika evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI suvyavasthA ke liye sajaga the| ve eka aise AcArya the, jo janasAdhAraNa ke sAmAjika jIvana ke utthAna ko bhI dharmAcArya kA Avazyaka kartavya mAnate the| unakI dRSTi meM dhArmika hone kI Avazyaka zarta yaha bhI thI ki vyakti eka sabhya samAja ke sadasya ke rUpa meM jInA siikhe| eka acchA nAgarika honA dhArmika jIvana meM praveza karane kI Avazyaka bhUmikA hai| apane grantha 'yogazAstra' meM unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki zrAvakadharma kA anusaraNa karane ke pUrva vyakti eka acche nAgarika kA jIvana jInA siikhe| unhoMne aise 35 guNoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, jinakA pAlana eka acche nAgarika ke liye Avazyaka rUpa se vAMchanIya hai| ve likhate haiM ki - "1. nyAyapUrvaka dhana-sampatti ko arjita karane vAlA, 2. sAmAnya ziSTAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlA, 3. samAna kula aura zIla vAlI anya gotra kI kanyA se vivAha karane vAlA, 4. pApabhIru, 5. prasiddha dezAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlA, 6. nindA kA tyAgI, 7. aise makAna meM nivAsa
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcArya hemacandra : eka yugapuruSa 67 karane vAlA jo na to adhika khulA ho na ati gupta, 8. sadAcArI vyaktiyoM ke satsaMga meM rahane vAlA, 9. mAtA-pitA kI sevA karane vAlA, 10. azAnta tathA upadrava yukta satsaMga sthAna ko tyAga denevAlA, 11. nindanIya kArya meM pravRtti na karane vAlA, 12. Aya ke anusAra vyaya karane vAlA, 13. sAmAjika pratiSThA evaM samRddhi ke anusAra vastra dhAraNa karane vAlA, 14, buddhi ke ATha guNoM se yukta, 15. sadaiva dharmopadeza kA zravaNa karane vAlA, 16. ajIrNa ke samaya bhojana kA tyAga karane vAlA, 17. bhojana ke avasara para svAsthyaprada bhojana karane vAlA, 18. dharma, artha aura kAma ina tInoM vargoM kA paraspara virodha rahita bhAva se sevana karane vAlA, 19. yathAzakti atithi, sAdhu evaM dIna-duHkhiyoM kI sevA karane vAlA, 20. mithyA-AgrahoM se sadA dUra rahane vAlA, 21. guNoM kA pakSapAtI, 22. niSiddha dezAcAra aura kAlAcAra kA tyAgI, 23. apane balAbala kA samyaka jJAna karane vAlA aura apane balAbala kA vicAra kara kArya karane vAlA, 24. vrata, niyama meM sthira; jJAnI evaM vRddha janoM kA pUjaka, 25. apane AzritoM kA pAlana-poSaNa karane vAlA, 26. dIrghadarzI, 27. vizeSajJa, 28. kRtajJa, 29. lokapriya, 30. lajjAvAna, 31. dayAlu, 32. zAntasvabhAvI, 33. paropakAra karane meM tatpara, 34. kAmakrodhAdi antaraMga zatruoM para vijaya prApta karane vAlA aura 35. apanI indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhane vAlA vyakti hI gRhastha dharma ke pAlana karane yogya hai|"14 vastuta: isa samagra carcA meM AcArya hemacandra ne eka yogya nAgarika ke sAre kartavyoM aura dAyitvoM kA saMketa kara diyA hai aura isa prakAra eka aisI jIvanazailI kA nirdeza kiyA hai, jisake AdhAra para sAmaMjasya aura zAntipUrNa samAja kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki AcArya hemacandra sAmAjika aura pArivArika jIvana kI upekSA karake nahIM calate, varan ve use utanA hI mahattva dete haiM jitanA Avazyaka hai aura ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki dhArmika hone ke liye eka acchA nAgarika honA Avazyaka hai| hemacandra kI sAhitya sAdhanA'5 hemacandra ne gujarAta ko aura bhAratIya saMskRti ko jo mahatvapUrNa avadAna diyA hai, vaha mukhyarUpa se unakI sAhityika pratibhA ke kAraNa hI hai| inhoMne apanI sAhityika pratibhA ke bala para hI vividha vidyAoM meM grantha kI racanA kii| jahA~ eka ora unhoMne abhidhAna-cintAmaNi, anekArthasaMgraha, nighaMTukoSa, aura dezInAmamAlA jaise zabdakoSoM kI racanA kI, vahIM dUsarI ora siddhahema zabdAnuzAsana, liGgAnuzAsana, dhAtupArAyaNa jaise vyAkaraNa grantha bhI rce| koza
Page #9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcArya hemacandra : eka yugapuruSa aura vyAkaraNa granthoM ke atirikta hemacandra ne kAvyAnuzAsana jaise alaMkAra grantha aura chandonuzAsana jaise chandazAstra ke grantha kI racanA bhI kii| vizeSatA yaha hai ki ina saiddhAntika granthoM meM unhoMne saMskRta bhASA ke sAtha-sAtha prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke upekSita vyAkaraNa kI bhI carcA kii| ina siddhAntoM ke prAyogika pakSa ke liye unhoMne saMskRta-prAkRta meM vyAzraya jaise mahAkAvya kI racanA kI hai| hemacandra mAtra sAhitya ke hI vidvAn nahIM the apitu dharma aura darzana ke kSetra meM bhI unakI gati nirbAdha thii| darzana ke kSetra meM unhoMne anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA, ayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA aura pramANamImAMsA jaise praur3ha grantha race to dharma ke kSetra meM yogazAstra jaise sAdhanApradhAna grantha kI bhI racanA kii| kathA sAhitya meM unake dvArA racita triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita kA apanA viziSTa mahattva hai| hemacandra ne sAhitya, kAvya, dharma aura darzana jisa kisI vidhA ko apanAyA use eka pUrNatA pradAna kii| unakI isa vipula sAhityasarjanA kA hI pariNAma thA ki unheM kalikAlasarvajJa kI upAdhi pradAna kI gyii| sAhitya ke kSetra meM hemacandra ke avadAna ko samajhane ke liye unake dvArA racita granthoM kA kiMcit mUlyAMkana karanA hogaa| yadyapi hemacandra ke pUrva vyAkaraNa ke kSetra meM pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA apanA mahattva thA, usa para aneka vRttiyA~ aura bhASya likhe gae, phira bhI vaha vidyArthiyoM ke liye durbodha hI thaa| vyAkaraNa ke adhyayana evaM adhyApana kI naI, sahaja evaM bodhagamya praNAlI ko janma dene kA zreya hemacandra ko hai| yaha hemacandra kA hI prabhAva thA ki paravartIkAla meM brAhmaNa paramparA meM isI paddhati ko AdhAra banAkara grantha likhe gae aura pANini ke aSTAdhyAyI kI praNAlI paThana-pAThana se dhIre-dhIre upekSita ho gyii| hemacandra ke vyAkaraNa kI eka vizeSatA to yaha hai ki AcArya ne svayaM usakI vRtti meM katipaya zikSA-sUtroM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| unake vyAkaraNa kI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unameM saMskRta ke sAtha-sAtha prAkRta ke vyAkaraNa bhI diye gae haiN| vyAkaraNa ke samAna hI unake kozagrantha, kAvyAnuzAsana aura chandonuzAsana jaise sAhityika siddhAnta-grantha bhI apanA mahattva rakhate haiN| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita aura pariziSTaparva ke rUpa meM unhoMne jainadharma kI paurANika aura aitihAsika sAmagrI kA jo saMkalana kiyA hai, vaha bhI nizcaya hI mahattvapUrNa hai| yahA~ unakI yogazAstra, pramANamImAMsA Adi sabhI kRtiyoM kA mUlyAMkana sambhava nahIM hai, kintu paravartI sAhityakAroM dvArA kiyA gayA unakA anukaraNa isa bAta ko siddha karatA hai ki unakI pratibhA se na kevala unakA ziSyamaNDala apitu paravartI jaina yA jainetara vidvAn bhI prabhAvita hue| muni zrI puNyavijayajI ne hemacandra kI samagra kRtiyoM kA
Page #10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcArya hemacandra : eka yugapuruSa jo zloka-parimANa diyA hai, usase patA lagatA hai ki unhoMne lagabhaga do lAkha zloka-parimANa sAhitya kI racanA kI hai, jo unakI sRjanadharmitA ke mahattva ko spaSTa karatI hai| sAdhaka hemacandra hameM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhiye ki eka mahAn sAhityakAra aura prabhAvazAlI rAjaguru hote hue bhI mUlata: hemacandra eka AdhyAtmika sAdhaka the| yadyapi hemacandra kA adhikAMza jIvana sAhitya-sRjana ke sAtha-sAtha gujarAta meM jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra tathA vahA~ kI rAjanIti meM apane prabhAva ko yathAvat banAye rakhane meM bItA, kintu kAlAntara meM guru se ulAhanA pAkara hemacandra kI prasupta adhyAtmaniSThA punaH jAgrat ho gaI thii| kumArapAla ne jaba hemacandra se apanI kIrti ko amara karane kA upAya pUchA to unhoMne do upAya batAe - 1. somanAtha ke mandira kA jINoMddhAra aura 2. samasta deza ko RNamukta karake vikramAditya ke samAna apanA saMvat claanaa| kumArapAla ko dUsarA upAya adhika upayukta lagA, kintu samasta deza ko RNamukta karane ke liye jitane dhana kI AvazyakatA thI, utanA usake pAsa nahIM thA, ata: usane guru hemacandra se dhana-prApti kA upAya puuchaa| isa samasyA ke samAdhAna hetu yaha upAya socA gayA ki hemacandra ke guru devacandrasUri ko pATana bulavAyA jAe aura unheM jo svarNasiddhi vidyA prApta hai usake dvArA apAra svarNarAzi prApta karake samasta prajA ko RNamukta kiyA jaae| rAjA, apane priya ziSya hemacandra aura pATana ke zrAvakoM ke Agraha para devacandrasari pATaNa Ae, kintu jaba unheM apane pATaNa bulAe jAne ke uddezya kA patA calA to, na kevala ve pATaNa se prasthAna kara gae apitu unhoMne apane ziSya ko adhyAtma sAdhanA se vimukha ho lokeSaNA meM par3ane kA ulAhanA bhI diyA aura kahA ki laukika pratiSThA arjita karane kI apekSA pAralaukika pratiSThA ke liye bhI kucha prayatna kro| jainadharma kI aisI prabhAvanA bhI jisake kAraNa tumhArA apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hI kuMThita ho jAya tumhAre liye kisa kAma kI? kahA jAtA hai ki guru ke isa ulAhane se hemacandra ko apanI mithyA mahattvAkAMkSA kA bodha huA aura ve antarmukha ho adhyAtma sAdhanA kI ora prerita hue| ve yaha vicAra karane lage ki maiMne lokaiSaNA meM par3akara na kevala apane Apako sAdhanA se vimukha kiyA apitu guru kI sAdhanA meM bhI vidha ddaalaa| pazcAttApa kI yaha pIr3A hemacandra kI AtmA ko barAbara kacoTatI rahI, jo isa tathya kI sUcaka hai ki hemacandra mAtra sAhityakAra yA rAjaguru hI nahIM the apitu AdhyAtmika sAdhaka bhI the| vastuta: hemacandra kA vyaktitva itanA vyApaka aura mahAn hai ki use
Page #11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcArya hemacandra : eka yugapuruSa samagrataH zabdoM kI sImA meM bA~dha pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, usa yuga meM rahakara unhoMne jo kucha socA aura kahA thA vaha Aja bhI prAsaMgika hai| kAza hama unake mahAn vyaktitva se preraNA lekara hiMsA, vaimanasya aura saMgharSa kI vartamAna trAsadI se bhArata ko bacA skeN| sandarbha 1. hemacandrAcArya (paM0 becaradAsa jIvarAja dozI), pR0 123. 2. AcArya hemacandra (vi0 bhA0 musalagAMvakara), pR0 191. 3. dekheM : mahAdevastotra (AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara), pR0 1-16, pR0 44. 4. mahAdevastotra, pR0 44. 5. yogazAstra, 2/9. 6. vahI, 2/10. 7. vahI, 2/13. 8. vahI, 1/40. 9. hemacandrAcArya, pR0 53-56. 10. dekheM : mahAvIracaritra ( hemacandra ), 65-75 ( kumArapAla ke sambandha meM mahAvIra kI bhaviSyavANI ). 11. yogazAstra, 2/84-85. 12. hemacandrAcArya, pR0 77. 13. vahI, pR0 101-104. 14. yogazAstra, 1/47-56. 15. dekheM : AcArya hemacandra ( vi0 bhA0 musalagAMvakara ), adhyAya 7. 16. hemacandrAcArya, pR0 13-178.