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________________ dulIcanda jaina isa prakAra kI bhISaNa paristhiti meM vizva ke ciMtaka aba yaha socane hetu bAdhya ho rahe haiM ki ina kaThinAiyoM se mAnava ke trANa kA kyA upAya ho sakatA hai? jaina Agama graMthoM meM ina samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kA vizada vivecana milatA hai| vahA~ para hiMsA aura ahiMsA kI gaMbhIra vyavasthA upalabdha hai| ahiMsA jainadharma kA prANa hai| ahiMsA kA artha mAtra itanA hI nahIM hai ki kisI prANI kI hiMsA na kI jAya, isakA vidheyAtmaka artha hai, vizva ke samasta prANiyoM ke prati prema, bandhutva evaM AtmIyatA kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa kiyA jaay| yaha bhAvanA mAtra manuSya-jAti ke prati hI nahIM, kintu samasta prANI jagata ke prati vyApta ho| jainadharma kI mAnyatA hai ki manuSya aura prakRti meM ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai tathA donoM eka-dUsare para Azrita haiN| sRSTi ke pratyeka jIva ko jIne kA adhikAra hai- kevala manuSya-mAtra ko hI nahIM, pazu-pakSI, vanaspati ityAdi sabhI ko jIne kA haka hai| bhagavAna Aja ke azAnta yuga meM mahAvIra ne kaha "save pANA piyAuyA, suhasAyA, dukkhpddivuulaa| mahAvIra-vANI kI upAdeyatA appiyavahA piyajIviNo, jIviukAmA savvesiM jIviyaM piyN||" Adhunika yuga meM vijJAna aura takanIkI ne AzAtIta pragati arthAt sabhI prANiyoM ko apanA jIvana priya hai, sukha kI hai| Aja manuSya ne prakRti ke sAdhanoM para vijaya prApta kara anukUla hai, duHkha pratikUla hai| vadha sabako apriya hai| sabhI dIrgha lI hai| AvAgamana ke sAdhanoM ke vikAsa ne rASTroM ke bIca kI jIvana kI kAmanA karate haiN| dUriyoM ko kama kara diyA hai| lekina kyA hama kaha kahate haiM ki -AcArAMga sUtra 1/2/3/63 Aja kA mAnava prAcIna yuga kI tulanA meM adhika sukhI, yaha samajhakara kisI jIva ko trAsa nahIM pahu~cAnA caahiye| Anandita evaM prasanna hai? zAyada nhiiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ("na ya vittAsae pr|)" manuSya ke mana aura buddhi kA to vikAsa huA hai para usake hRdaya -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 2/20 kA vikAsa nahIM ho sakA hai| mahAkavi rAmadhArIsiMha 'dinakara' kisI jIva ke prati vaira-virodha bhAva nahIM rakhanA caahiye| ke zabdoM meM - ("Na virujjhejja konnii|") "buddhi tRSNA kI dAsI huI, mRtyu kA sevaka hai vijnyaan| -sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1/15/13 cetatA aba bhI nahIM manuSya, vizva kA kyA hogA bhagavAn?" saba jIvoM kI prati maitrI bhAva rakhanA caahiye| ("mittiM __Aja duniyA ke vikasita kahe jAnevAle rASTra aneka prakAra bhUehi kappae") - uttarA sUtra 6/2 . ke bhISaNa zaktizAlI astra-zastroM ke utpAdana meM lage hue haiN| prANI-mAtra ke prati prema va AtmIyatA kI bhAvanA kI pichale vizvayuddha meM jApAna ke hIrozimA aura nAgAsAkI meM jo bama gire the, unase lAkhoM vyakti hatAhata hue the tathA vahA~ kA vistRta vyAkhyA AcArAMga sUtra ke nimna padoM meM milatI haijala aura vAyu viSAkta ho gayA thA aura aneka bImAriyA~ phaila __ "tumaMsi NAma sacceva (taM ceva) jaM haMtavvaM hi mnnnnsi| gaI thiiN| lekina Aja unase bahuta adhika zaktizAlI aNu aura tumaMsi NAma sacceva jaM ajjAveyatvaM ti mnnnnsi| paramANu hI nahIM, isa prakAra ke rAsAyanika bamoM va AyudhoM kA tumaMsi NAma sacceva jaM pariyAveyavavaM ti mnnnnsi| nirmANa ho cukA hai, jo kucha hI samaya meM samasta mAnava-jAti ke tumaMsi NAma sacceva jaM parighettavvaM ti mnnnnsi| vinAza kI sAmarthya rakhate haiN| Arthika pratiyogitA kI aMdhI daur3a tumaMsi NAma sacceva jaM uddayevavyaM ti mnnnnsi| tathA aniyaMtrita svataMtratA ne manuSya kA jIvana azAMta banA diyA aMjU ceya pddibuddhijiivii| tamhA Na haMtA Na vi ghaaye| aNusaMveyaNamappANeNaM jaM haMtavyaM nnaabhiptthe||" -AcArAMga sUtra 1, 5/5, 170 0 aSTadazI / 2070
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________________ hai| arthAt he puruss| jise tU mArane kI icchA karatA hai, vicAra arthAt AtmA hI sukha aura duHkha kI utpanna karane vAlI kara vaha tU hI hai- tere jaisA hI sukha-du:kha kA anubhava karane aura na karane vAlI haiN| AtmA hI sadAcAra se mitra aura durAcAra vAlA prANI hai, jisa para tU hukUmata karane kI icchA karatA hai, se zatru hai| apanI AtmA ko jItanA hI sabase kaThina kArya haivicArakara vaha tere jaisA hI prANI hai, jise paritApa-duHkha dene "je sahassaM sahassANaM, saMgAme dujjae jinne| yogya samajhatA hai, cintana kara vaha tere jaisA hI prANI hai, jise tU egaM jiNejja appANaM, esa se paramo jo|" vaza meM karane kI icchA karatA hai, jarA soca tere jaisA hI prANI arthAt durjaya saMgrAma meM sahasra-sahasra zatruoM ko jItane kI hai, jisake tU prANa lene kI icchA karatA hai, vicAra kara vaha tere apekSA eka apanI AtmA ko jItanA parama jaya hai- mahAn vijaya jaisA hI prANI hai| hai| jo apanI AtmA ko jIta letA hai, vahI saccA saMgrAma vijetA satpuruSa isI taraha viveka rakhatA huA jIvana bitAtA hai| vaha na svayaM kisI kA hanana karatA hai aura na auroM dvArA kisI AtmA para vijaya prApta karane ke lie Avazyaka hai ki kA hanana karavAtA hai| cAra kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta kI jaay| Atma-vijaya kA sundara bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ahiMsA ko dharma ke lakSaNoM meM sarvaprathama vizleSaNa nimna sUtra meM upalabdha haisthAna diyaa| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM kahA gayA hai- dharma utkRSTa maMgala hai| ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa usake lakSaNa haiN| jisakA mana "ege jie jiyA paMca, paMca jie jiyA ds| sadA dharma meM ramatA rahatA hai, use devatA bhI namaskAra karate haiN| dasahA u jiNittANaM, savvasattU jinnaamhN||" __ pratyeka jaina zrAvaka ko pA~ca mahAvratoM- ahiMsA, satya, -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 23/36 asteya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha kA AjIvana pUrNatayA pAlana arthAt eka ko jIta lene para maiMne pA~ca ko jIta liyA, karanA Avazyaka hai| ina saba meM ahiMsA kA prathama sthAna hai| pAMca ko jIta lene se maine dasa ko jIta liyA aura dasoM ko jIta satyAdi dUsare guNa ahiMsA ke poSaka va rakSaka haiN| lene para maiMne sabhI zatruoM ko jIta liyA hai| manuSya ko cAra vizva meM azAnti kA pahalA kAraNa hiMsA kI bhAvanA hai, kaSAyoM para kaise vijaya prApta karanI cAhiyejisake nirAkaraNa ke lie ahiMsA kI bhAvanA ko vyavahAra meM "uvasameNa haNe kohaM, mANaM maddavayA jinne| lAnA ati Avazyaka hai| vizva meM azAMti kA dUsarA bar3A mAyaM ajjuvabhAveNaM, lobhaM saMtoSao jinne||" kAraNa hai- manuSya kA apane Atmattva kA vismrnn| saMsAra meM -dazavaikAlika sUtra 8/39 jitane bhI tatva haiM, unheM tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai arthAt krodha ko upazama-zAnti se (kSamA se), mAna ko heya, jJeya, aura upAdeya, tatva kula nau haiN| inameM jIva (Atmatatva) mArdava-mRdulA se, mAyA ko RjubhAva-saralatA se aura lobha ko mukhya hai| jIva, ajIva va puNya kA jJeya, pApa, Azrava va baMdha saMtoSa se jiiteN| ko heya tathA saMvara, nirjarA va baMdha ko upAdeya kahA hai| ina kaSAyoM ke kAraNa sadguNoM kA vinAza hotA hai, yathAjIva (AtmA) ko karmoM kA kartA mAnA gayA hai| 'dvAdazAMga "koho pIiM paNosei, mANo viNaya naasnno| anuprekSA' meM kahA hai ki AtmA uttama guNoM kA Azraya hai, samagra mAyA mittANi nAsei, loho savva vinnaasnno||" dravyoM meM uttama dravya hai aura saba tatvoM meM parama tatva hai| AtmA tIna prakAra kI hai- bahirAtmA, aMtarAtmA ora prmaatmaa| arthAt krodha prIti ko naSTa karatA hai, mAna vinaya ko naSTa AtmA aura zarIra pRthaka-pRthaka haiN| AtmA avinAzI ttv| karatA hai, mAyA dhUrtatA (jAlasAjI) maitrI ko naSTa karatI hai aura hai| zarIra vinAzI-vinaSTa hone vAlA tatva hai| isIlie ise ' lobha saba kucha naSTa kara detA hai| pudgala kahA gayA hai| AtmA ko kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai? bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA ki saMsAra ke prANiyoM ke lie isakA uttara AcArya kuMdakuMda ne 'samayasAra kI gAthA' 296 meM cAra bAteM bahuta durlabha haiMdiyA hai| vahA~ para kahA gayA hai ki AtmA ko AtmaprajJA arthAt "cattAri paramaMgANi, dullahANIha jNtunno| bhedavijJAna rUpa buddhi dvArA hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| mANusattaM suI saddhA, saMjamami ya viiriyN||" AtmA ke bAre meM mahAvIra ne kahA arthAt saMsAra ke prANiyoM ko cAra parama aMga-uttama "appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa y| saMyoga-atyaMta durlabha haiM-(1) manuSya-bhava, (2) dharma-zruti (dharma appA mittamamittaM ca, dupptttthiy-supttttio|" kA sunanA) dharma meM zraddhA aura (4) saMyama meM (dharma meM) vIrya -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 20/3 praakrm| 0 aSTadazI / 2080
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________________ "mANusattAmi AyAo, jo dhammaM soccAsaddahe / tavassI vIriyaM ladhuM saMbuDe niguNe ravaM / / - uttarAdhyayana sUtra 3 / 11 arthAt manuSya janma pAkara jo dharma ko sunatA aura usameM zraddhA karatA huA usake anusAra puruSArtha AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha tapasvI AgAmI karmoM ko rokatA huA saMcita karma rUpI raja ko dhuna DAlatA hai| manuSya jIvana ke utthAna kA jo mArga hai, use ratna- traya (triratna) kahA gayA hai| tatvArtha sUtra meM kahA hai "samyagdarzanajJAna cAritrANi mokSamArga: " - tattvArtha sUtra 1/1 arthAt samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra- ina tInoM kA samanvita rUpa (ye tInoM milakara) mokSa kA sAdhana haiN| paMcAstikAya sUtra saM0 160 meM kahA gayA hai- dharmAstikAya Adi (chaha dravya) tathA tatvArtha Adi meM zraddhAna karanA samyagdarzana hai| aMgoM aura pUrvo kA jJAna samyak jJAna hai tapa meM pratyayazIlatA samyak cAritra hai| yaha vyavahAra-AcAra mokSamArga hai| samyagdarzana ke binA jJAna nahIM hotA / jJAna ke binA cAritra nahIM sadhatA / jIvana ke utthAna ke lie jJAna aura kriyA kA samanvaya honA Avazyaka hai| yaha bAta 'AcArAMga niyukti' meM bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se spaSTa kI gaI hai "hayaM nANaM kiyA hINaM, hayA aNNANao kiyA / pAsaMto paMgulo daDho, dhAvamANo va aNdho||" - AcArAMga niyukti 101 arthAt kriyAhIna kA jJAna vyartha hai aura ajJAnI kI kriyA vyartha hai| jaise eka paMgu vana meM lagI huI Aga ko dekhate hue bhI bhAgane meM asamartha hone se jala maratA hai aura aMdhA vyakti daur3ate hue bhI dekhane meM asamartha hone se jala maratA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ko dharma-krAMti kI mukhya upalabdhi haiunhoMne Izvara kI jagaha karma ko pratiSThA dii| unhoMne bhakti ke sthAna para satkarma va sadAcAra kA sUtra diyaa| unhoMne kahA"suciNNA kammA suciSNaphalA bhavanti / duniyA kammA duciSNaphalA bhavanti / / " - aupapAtika sUtra 71 arthAt acche karma acche phala denevAle hote haiM aura bure karma bure phala dene vAle hote haiN| manuSya apane saMcita karmoM ke anusAra hI sukha-dukha prApta karatA hai "jamiNaM jagaI pur3ho jagA, kammehiM luppaMti pANiNo / sayameva kaDehiM gAi, no tassa muccejjapuTThayaM / / " - sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1, 2 / 14 arthAt isa jagat meM jo prANI haiM, ve apane-apane saMcita karmoM se hI saMsAra bhramaNa karate haiM aura kiye hue karmoM ke anusAra hI bhinna-bhinna yoniyoM meM janma lete haiN| phala bhoge binA upArjita karmoM se prANI kA chuTakArA nahIM hotaa| karma-baMdha kA mUla kAraNa rAga-dveSa kI pravRtti hai"rAgo ya doso vi ya kammabIyaM, kamma ca mohappabhavaM vayaMti / kammaM ca jAI maraNassa mUlaM, dukkhaM ca jAI maraNaM vyNti||" - uttarAdhyayana sUtra 32:7 janma-maraNa arthAt rAga aura dveSa karma ke bIja (mUla kAraNa) haiN| karma moha se utpanna hotA hai| vaha janma-maraNa kA mUla hai, ko duHkha kA mUla kahA gayA hai| sAdhaka ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha apane mana para niyaMtraNa kre| bhagavAna ne kahA "pahAvaMtaM nigiNhAmi suyarasassI-samAhiyaM / na me gacchai ummaggaM, maggaM ca paDivajjaI / / " - uttarAdhyayana sUtra 23 / 56 arthAt bhAgate hue duSTa azva ko maiM jJAna rUpI lagAma ke dvArA acchI taraha nigRhIta karatA huuN| isase merA azva unmArga meM galata rAste para nahIM jaataa| vaha ThIka mArga ko grahaNa karatA huA calatA hai| mana ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai "maNo sAhassio bhImo, duso paridhAvaI / taM sammaM tunigaNDAmi, dhammasikkhAi kanthagaM / / " - uttarAdhyayana sUtra 23 / 58 arthAt mana hI vaha sAhasika (duHsAhasI), raudra (bhayAvaha) aura duSTa azva hai, jo cAroM ora daur3atA hai| maiM use kanthaka ucca jAti sampanna, sudhare hue azva kI bhAMti dharmazikSA dvArA acchI taraha nigRhIta, niyaMtrita karatA huuN| Aja kA mAnava samajhatA hai ki saMsAra ke bhautika sAdhanoM dvArA hI sukha mila sakatA hai ataH vaha unakI prApti va abhivRddhi meM apanI pUrNa zakti lagA detA hai| icchAoM ko bar3hAte jAnA, unakI pUrti ke lie utpAdana ke sAdhanoM kI vRddhi karate jAnA tathA unake dvArA icchAoM ke tRpta karate jAnA yahI bhogavAdI manuSya kA jIvana-krama hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA ki sabhI bhautika sAdhana manuSya ko sukha dene meM asamartha hai " savvaM jagaM jai tuhaM, savvaM vA vi dhaNaM bhave / savvaM pi te apajjattaM, neva tANAya taM ve / / " - uttarAdhyayana sUtra 14 / 39 arthAt yaha sArA jagata aura yaha sArA dhana bhI tumhArA ho jAya to bhI ve saba aparyApta hI hoMge aura na hI ye saba tumhArA rakSaNa karane meM hI samartha hoNge| cha aSTadazI / 209
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________________ lekina isa vivecana kA yaha artha yaha nahI lenA cAhiye ki isa prakAra jaina dharma kartavya-pAlana se vimukha rahane kI jainadharma ke siddhAnta avyAvahArika tathA Adhunika jIvana se mela zikSA nahIM detaa| jainadharma kahatA hai ki ahiMsA zUravIroM kA dharma nahIM khaate| yaha eka atyaMta bhrAMta dhAraNA hai, jisakA nirAkaraNa hai, kAyaroM kA nhiiN| honA Avazyaka hai| jainadharma puruSArthavAdI dharma hai| yaha pratyeka kSetra meM vivekapUrvaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dharma-pracArArtha caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kArya karane kA nirdeza detA hai| jo viveka pUrvaka kArya karatA kii| zramaNa-zramaNI, zrAvaka aura shraavikaa| unhoMne zramaNa-zramaNiyoM hai, vaha karmabaMdha nahIM krtaa| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM kahA haike lie paMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana karanA anivArya batalAyA tathA "jayaM care, jayaM cir3he, jayamAse, jayaM se| kAphI kaThina caryA kA nirdhAraNa kiyaa| isakA kAraNa thA zramaNa jayaM bhujuto bhAsaMto, pAvakama na bNdhii||" zramaNiyoM ko Atma-sAdhanA ke kaThina mArga meM jIvana vyatIta -dazavaikAlika sUtra 4/8 karanA thaa| ve kisI eka sthAna para (cAturmAsa ke kAla ke arthAt sAdhaka vivekapUrvaka cale, vivekapUrva khar3A ho, atirikta) nahIM raha sakate the tathA paidala vihAra karate the| apane vivekapUrvaka soye| isa prakAra vivekapUrvaka saba kriyAoM ko sAtha meM saMyama-sAdhanA ke lie Avazyaka upakaraNoM ke atirikta karatA huA vivekapUrvaka bhojana karatA huA va saMbhASaNa karatA kucha nahIM rakha sakate the| huA vaha pApa karma kA baMdha nahIM krtaa| lekina gRhasthoM ke lie unake niyama apekSAkRta sarala the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza mAnava ko maitrIpUrNa, naitika evaM zrAvaka se unakI apekSA thI ki vaha pA~ca aNavratoM kA pAlana prAmANika jIvana jIne kI preraNA dete haiN| ahiMsA, samatA, kre| prANI vadha (hiMsA), asatya, corI, abrahmacarya va aparimita saralatA evaM aparigraha ke siddhAMtoM kA pAlana karane se karanA (parigraha) ina pA~ca pApoM se sApavAda apane sAmarthya ke vyaktigata, pArivArika, sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya jIvana kA anusAra virata honA aNuvrata hai| isI prakAra usase tIna guNa-vratoM / zAMtipUrNa DhaMga se vikAsa ho sakatA hai tathA vizva meM zAnti kI evaM cAra zikSAvratoM kA pAlana karane kI apekSA kI jAtI hai| zrAvaka kA jIvana pUrNata: sadAcArayukta honA caahiye| vaha sthApanA ho sakatI hai| prAmANikatA saccaritratA se jIvana bitAye yaha apekSita hai| vizeSata: usake lie sAta prakAra ke durvyasanoM se virata rahanA Avazyaka hai| ye vyasana haiM "jUyaM majjaM maMsaM vasA, pAraddhi cora pryaar| duggai-gamaNassedANi, heDa bhUNANi paavaanni||" -vasunandi zrAvakAcAra, 59 arthAt juA, mAMsa-bhakSaNa, vaizyAgamana, madyapAna, zikAra, corI aura parastrI sevana-ye sAta vyasana haiN| mAMsAhAra se darpaunmAda bar3hatA hai| darpa se manuSya meM madyapAna kI abhilASA jagatI hai aura taba juA khelatA hai| isa prakAra eka mAMsAhAra se hI manuSya uparyukta aneka doSoM ko prApta ho jAtA hai| Aja bhAratavarSa meM lagabhaga eka karor3a vyakti jaina dharma kA pAlana karate haiN| yaha vizva kA sabase bar3A zAkAhArI saMgaThana hai| prAcInakAla meM aneka rAjA, mahArAjA evaM vyavasAyiyoM ne isa dharma kA pAlana kiyA tathA saphalatApUrvaka apanA jIvana bitAyA thA aura sAmAjika pratiSThA prApta kI thii| mauryakAla, nandavaMza evaM gujarAta tathA kaliMga ke aneka zAsaka mahAvIra ke anuyAyI the evaM unhoMne aneka yuddhoM meM bhAga liyA thaa| mahAna yoddhA cAmuNDarAya 17 yuddhoM meM lar3e the tathA vijetA bane the| * aSTadazI/2100