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________________ 16vIM zatAbdI kA acita hindo-kavi brahma guNakoti -DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla saMvat 1501 se 1600 taka ke kAla ko hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| mizrabandha vinoda me 1560 taka ke kAla ko Adi kAla mAnA hai tathA saMvat 1561 se Age vAle kAla ko aSTachApa kaviyoM ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA hai / rAmacandra zukla ne bhI isa kAla ko aSTachApa nAmakaraNa diyA hai| lekina yaha kAla bhakti yuga kA Adi kAla thaa| eka ora guru nAnaka evaM kabIra jaise santa kavi apanI kRtiyoM se jana-jana ko apanI ora AkRSTa kara rahe the to dUsarI ora jaina kavi apanI kRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se jana-jana meM arhada bhakti, pUjA evaM pratiSThAoM kA pracAra kara rahe the| samAja meM bhaTTAraka paramparA kI nIMva gaharI ho rahI thii| jagaha-jagaha unakI gAdiyAM sthApita ho rahI thiiN| bhaTTAraka evaM unake ziSya apane Apa ko bhaTTAraka ke sAtha-sAtha AcArya, upAdhyAya, muni evaM brahmacArI sabhI nAmoM se sambodhita karane lage the| sAtha hI, saMskRta ke sAtha-sAtha rAjasthAnI evaM hindI bhASA ko bhI apanI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama banA rahe the / deza para musalamAnoM kA rAjya thA, jo anI prajA para manamAne julma DhAM rahe the| aisI sthiti meM bhI bhaTTArakoM evaM unake ziSyoM ne samAja ke mAnasa ko badalane ke lie loka bhASA meM choTe-bar3e rAsa kAvyoM, pada evaM stavanoM kA nirmANa kiyA / ina 100 varSoM meM hone vAle pacAsoM hindI jaina kaviyoM meM nimna kaviyoM ke nAma vizeSataH ullekhanIya 1. brahma jinadAsa saMvat 1460 se 1520 2. brahma bUcarAja saMvat 1530 se 1600 taka 3. chohala saMvat 1575 se 4. ThakkurasaM saMvat 1520 se 1560 __ catarUmala saMvat 1571 se gAravadAsa saMvat 1581 se dharmadAsa saMvat 1578 8. AcArya somakIrti saMvat 1518 se 36 taka 1. kavivara sAMgu saMvat 1540 10. brahma guNakIti saMvat 1460 se 1550 11. brahma yazodhara saMvat 1520 se 1585 ukta gyAraha kaviyoM ko 16 vIM zatAbdI kA pratinidhi kavi kahA jA sakatA hai| ina kaviyoM ne apanI anaginata racanAoM ke mAdhyama se deza meM jo sAhityika evaM sAMskRtika jAgRti paidA kI vaha itihAsa ke svarNima pRSThoM meM sadA aMkita rhegii| brahmacArI jinadAsa' to mahAkavi the jinhoMne rAjasthAnI bhASA meM 70 se bhI adhika racanAyeM likha kara eka nayA kIrtimAna sthApita kiyaa| inakA akelA rAmarAsa hI brahma jinadAsa ke vyaktitva ko mahAn banAne ke liye paryApta hai| isI taraha chIhala', ThakkurasI evaM bUca rAja me apanI vibhinna kRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se rAjasthAnI sAhitya ko nayA rUpa pradAna kiyA evaM isameM paMca pahelI gati, kAyaNajujjha, cetana pudgala dhamAla, paMcendriya veli jaisI kRtiyAM nibaddha karake ise lokapriya banAne meM apanA pUrNa yogadAna diyaa| 1. dekhiye, "mahAkavi brahma jinadAsa-vyaktitva evaM kRtitva" -DaoN. premacaMda raoNkA, prakAzaka -zrI mahAvIra anya prakAvamI, jypur| 2. dekhiye "kavivara dUdharAja evaM inake samakAlIna kari" -DaoN. kasturacaMda kAsalIvAla, prakAzaka-vahI / 147 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana
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________________ AcArya somakIrti apane samaya ke prabhAvazAlI bhaTTAraka evaM rAjasthAnI manISI the, jinhoMne do bar3I evaM pAMca choTI racanAyeM nibaddha kI thiiN| brahma yazodhara kA samasta jIvana hI sAhitya sevA ke liye samarpita thaa|' inhoMne cupaI saMjJaka kAvya likhA, neminAtha, vAsapUjya evaM anya tIrthaMkaroM ke stutiparaka gIta likhe / ye sabhI kavi jaina sAhitya ke to jagamagAte nakSatra haiM, sAtha hI hindI ke bhI jAjvalya tArAgaNa haiN| brahma gUNakIrti 16 vIM zatAbdI ke aise santa kavi haiM jinake sambandha meM sAhityika jagat abhI taka anajAna-sA hai| rAjasthAnI vidote hue bhI unakI sAhityika sevAyeM upekSita banI huI haiM / prastuta lekha meM unhIM ke sambandha meM paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| brahma gaNakIti mahAkavi brahma jinadAsa ke kaniSThatama ziSya the| apane guru ke antima samaya meM ye unake samparka meM Aye ye apanI adabhata kAvya-pratibhA ke kAraNa alpa samaya meM hI unhoMne apanA viziSTa sthAna banA liyA thaa| svayaM brahma gaNakIrti ne apane guru kA nimna prakAra smaraNa kiyA hai zrI brahmacAra jiNadAsa tu, parasAda teha taNo e| manavAMchita phala hoi tu, bolIi kisyu ghaNu e|| kavivara brahma guNakIti kI abhI taka eka hI kRti hamAre dekhane meM AI hai, aura vaha hai 'rAmasItA rAsa' jo eka laghu prabandha pita kati ke atirikta kavi ne aura kitanI kRtiyAM nibaddha kI thIM isake sambandha meM nizcita rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA kina inakI kAvya-pratibhA ko dekhate hue inakI aura bhI kRtiyAM honI caahie| brahma jinadAsa ne samvat 1508 meM vizAlakAya kI racanA kI thI lekina usa yuga meM pAThakoM kI rAmakathA ke adhyayana kI ora vizeSa ruci thI isaliye brahma guNakIti ko laSa rUpa meM 'rAmasItArAsa' ko nibaddha karanA pdd'aa| rAmasItArAsa' eka khaNDa kAvya hai jisameM rAma aura sItA ke janma se lekara laMkA vijaya ke pazcAt ayodhyA praveza evaM mileka taka kI ghaTanAoM kA saMkSipta varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM 12 DhAleM haiM jo 11 adhyAyoM kA kAma karatI haiN| jaina kaviyoM ne kAla meM apanI sabhI kAvyakRtiyoM meM isI paramparA ko nibhAyA thaa| 'rAmasItArAsa' eka gItAtmaka kAvya hai jisakI DhAloM ko gA karake pAThakoM ko sunAyA jAtA thaa| samaya prastata kAvya kA racanA-kAla to milatA nahIM jisase spaSTa rUpa se kisI tathya para pahuMcA jA sake lekina brahma jinadAsa yi hone ke kAraNa 'rAmasItArAsa' kI racanA saMvat 1540 ke AsapAsa honI cAhie / jisa guTake meM 'rAmasItArAsa' kA saMgraha kiyA sAvana bhI saMvata 1585 kA likhA huA hai| isake atirikta brahma jinadAsa kA saMvat 1520 taka kA samaya mAnA jAtA hai| prastuta ti unakI matyu ke pazcAt kI racanA hone ke kAraNa isakA saMvat 1540 kA hI samaya ucita jAna par3atA hai / isa taraha prastuta kRti ke maAdhAra para brahma guNakIti kA samaya bhI saMvat 1490 se 1550 taka kA nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA rAsa kI bhASA rAjasthAnI hai / yadyapi gujarAta ke kisI pradeza meM isakI racanA hone ke kAraNa isa para gujarAtI zailI kA prabhAva bhI spaSTa daSTigocara hotA hai lekina kriyApadoM evaM anya padoM ko dekhane se yaha to nizcita hI hai ki kavi ko rAjasthAnI bhASA se adhika lagAva thaa| vicArIu (vicAra kara), mAMDIi (mAMDe), AvImAye (Aye), mAnakI (jAnakI), ghaNI (bahuta), pANI (hAtha), ApaNA (apanA), ghAlapi (DAlanA), jANue, bolae, lIjai, vApaDI jaise kriyApadoM evaM anya zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| -DaoN0 kAsalIvAla, prkaashk-vhii| 1. dekhiye "mAcArya somakIrti evaM brahma yazodhara" 2. -vahI-, pRSTha saMkhyA 156. 148 AcArya ratna zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha ,
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________________ sAmAjika sthiti 'rAmasItArAsa' choTI-sI rAma-kathA hai / kathA kahane ke atirikta kavi ko anya bAtoM ko jor3ane kI adhika AvazyakatA bhI nahIM thii| usake binA bhI jIvana-kathA ko kahA jA sakatA thA lekina kavi ne jahAM bhI aisA koI prasaMga AyA vahIM para sAmAjikatA kA avazya sparza kiyA hai| prastuta rAsa meM rAmasItA ke vivAha ke varNana meM sAmAjika rIti-rivAjoM kA acchA varNana milatA hai| rAma ke vivAha ke avasara para toraNa dvAra bAMdhe gaye the| motiyoM kI bAMdaravAla laTakAI gaI thii| sone ke kalaza rakhe gye| gaMdharva evaM kinnara jAti ke devoM ne gIta gAye / sundara striyoM ne labAMchanA liyA / toraNa dvAra para Ane para khUba nAca-gAna kiye gaye / caMvarI ke madhya varavadhu dvArA baiThane para saubhAgyavatI striyoM ne badhAvA gaayaa| lagana velA meM paMDitoM ne maMtra par3ha / habalevA kiyA gyaa| khUba dAna diyA gyaa|' nagaroM kA ullekha rAma, lakSmaNa evaM sItA jisa mArga se dakSiNa meM pahuMce the usI prasaMga meM kavi ne kucha nagaroM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| aise nagaroM meM cittur3agaDha (cittaur3a), nAlachipATaNa, aruNagrAma, vaMzasthala, medapATa (mevAr3a) ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| kavi ne mevAr3a kI tatkAlIna rAjadhAnI cittaur3a kA acchA varNana kiyA hai|' lokapriyatA kavi ne rAmakathA kI lokapriyatA, jana sAmAnya meM usake prati sahaja anurAga evaM apanI kAvya-pratibhA ko prastuta karane ke liye 'rAmasItArAsa' kI racanA kI thii| mahAkavi tulasI ke saikar3oM varSoM pUrva jaina kaviyoM ne rAmakathA para jisa prakAra prabandha kAvya evaM khaNDa kAvya likhe vaha saba unakI vizeSatA hai / jaina samAja meM rAmakathA kI jitanI lokapriyatA rahI usameM mahAkavi svayambhu, puSpadanta, raviSeNAcArya jaise vidvAnoM kA pramukha yogadAna rahA / tulasI ne jaba rAmAyaNa likhI thI usake pahile hI jaina kaviyoM ne choTe-bar3e bIsiyoM rAsa samApti kavi ne rAsa samApti para apanI laghutA prakaTa karate hue likhA hai ki rAmAyaNa grantha kA koI pAra nahIM pA sakatA / vaha svayaM matihIna hai isaliye usane kathA kA ati saMkSipta varNana kiyA hai| e rAmAyaNa grantha tu, eha nu pAra nahIM e| hu~ mAnava matihINa tu, saMkhepi gati kahI e|| vidvAMsa je nara hou tu, vistAra te krie| e rAma bhAsa suNevi tu, mujha pari dayA dharA e|| prastuta rAsa meM 12 DhAleM haiM jo adhyAya kA kArya karatI haiN| pUrI DhAloM meM 207 padya haiM jo alaga-alaga bhAsa rAgoM meM vibhakta haiM jinameM bhAsa zrI hI, bhAsa mithyAtva moDanI, bhAsa vaNajArAnI, bhAsa naresUvAnI, bhAsa sahI kI, bhAsa tIna cuvIsInI, bhAsa sahilDAnI Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| kavi ko coTaka chanda bhI atyadhika priya thA isaliye Arambha meM usakA bhI acchA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra brahma guNakIti hindI jaina sAhitya ke eka aise jagamagAte nakSatra haiM jinakI rAjasthAna, uttarapradeza, dehalI, madhyapradeza evaM gujarAta ke digambara jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM meM vistRta khoja kI AvazyakatA hai / AzA hai vidvAna mere isa nivedana para dhyAna deNge| 1. videhA pakSANu sIdhaM, sAsU vara puravaNa kii| para cavaTI mAhi pApA, sohAsaNImi badhASA // 5 // zubha vesA tihA~ joDa, carati maMgala soi // 6 // sajana dAva mAna dIpA, janama taNAM phAta lIdhA / bhAi bApa hoDa mANaMda, bAdhya dhamenu kanda // 8 // marataya siMha samAna bhedapAra deNa moI ue, 11/5 2. jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 144